かへる: difference between revisions

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==Middle Japanese==
==Middle Japanese==

===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
*IPA, c.800: /kaɸeru/
*IPA, c.800: /kaɸeru/
Line 5: Line 6:
*IPA, c.1350: /kajeru/
*IPA, c.1350: /kajeru/


===Etymology===
===Etymology 1===
{{IPAfont|⟨kape<sub>1</sub>ru⟩}} → {{IPAchar|/kaperu/}} → {{IPAchar|/kaferu/}}
⚫
From Old Japanese ''[[kapyeru]]'' (''kapyer-''), Eastern Old Japanese ''[[kapyiru]]'', from Proto-Japonic *kapi-ra-, root *kapi- "turn". Related to [[かへす]] "give back; make go back".

⚫
From {{noncog|ojp|sc=Latn|kapyeru}} (stem: ''kapyer-''), Eastern Old Japanese ''[[kapyiru]]''. Derived in turn from Proto-Japonic ''*kapi-ra-'', root ''*kapi-'' (“to turn”).

The intransitive counterpart to transitive / causative form [[かへす]] (''kafesu'', “to give something back; to make something go back”).


===Verb===
===Verb===
<!-- Eventually, we'll want to have a template like {{ljp-verb}} -->
====かへる (''quadrigrade, intransitive'')====
<span style="font-size:137%;">かへる</span> (''intransitive, [[四段活用#Japanese|quadrigrade conjugation]], [[rōmaji]]'' '''[[kaferu]]''''', verb stem'' '''kafer-''')
====Roman transcription ''kaferu'', stem ''kafer-''.====

#to [[return]], [[go]] back
# ([[反る]], [[返る]]) circumstances or things become [[backwards]] or [[flipped]]:
#to [[go]] [[home]]
## ([[反る]]) to [[turn]] [[backwards]], to [[flip]] or [[turn]] so the back side is facing forwards; to turn [[upside-down]]; to fall over on a side
⚫
#attributive form かへる: [[early]] the [[follow]]ing (year, etc.)
## ([[反る]]) to [[change]] in [[shape]] or [[quality]], to [[fade]] in [[color]]
⚫
::*''Sarashina Nikki'':
# ([[反る]], [[返る]], [[帰る]], [[還る]]) circumstances or things go back to their original [[position]] or [[state]]:
⚫
:::かへる年のつかさめしに (''kaferu tosi-no tukasamesi-ni'') "at the summoning of the following year's new officials"
## ([[帰る]]) to [[arrive]] back [[home]]; to [[leave]] in order to [[go]] [[home]]
## ([[返る]], [[還る]]) to [[return]] or [[go]] back to an original state
## ([[返る]]) to start again, to renew {{gloss|generally in reference to the new year}}
⚫
##: {{n-g|attributive form}}: [[early]] the [[follow]]ing (year, etc.)
⚫
##::''{{w|Sarashina Nikki}}'', early 1000s:
<!-- to be replaced with {{ljp-usex}}, calling the appropriate module to generate the romaji -->
⚫
##:: {{ja-usex|'''かへる'''年のつかさめしに|'''かへる''' とし の つかさめし に|rom='''kaferu''' toshi no tsukameshi ni|at the summoning of the '''following''' year's new officials}}

====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
<!-- We'll also want to have a template like {{ljp-r}} to generate ruby / romaji -->
*かへりいます: "to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]]" (honorific)
*かへりく: "to [[come]] [[back]]"
* [[かへりいます]] (''kaferiimasu''): to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]] (honorific)
*かへりごと: "[[reply]]; ([[gift]] [[give]]n as) [[recompense]]"
* [[かへりく]] (''kaferiku''): to [[come]] [[back]]
*かへりまうづ: "to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]]" (humble)
* [[かへりごと]] (''kaferigoto''): [[reply]]; ([[gift]] [[give]]n as) [[recompense]]
*かへりまうでく: "to [[come]] [[back]]" (humble)
* [[かへりまうづ]] (''kaferimaudu''): to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]] (humble)
*かへりゆく: "to [[go]] [[back]]"
* [[かへりまうでく]] (''kaferimaudeku''): to [[come]] [[back]] (humble)
* [[かへりゆく]] (''kaferiyuku''): to [[go]] [[back]]

====Descendants====
====Descendants====
*Japanese: [[かえる]] ([[帰る]])
*Japanese: {{m|ja|帰る|tr=kaeru}}

Revision as of 22:10, 5 February 2018

Middle Japanese

Pronunciation

  • IPA, c.800: /kaɸeru/
  • IPA, c.1050: /kaweru/
  • IPA, c.1350: /kajeru/

Etymology 1

⟨kape1ru⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/

From Old Japanese kapyeru (stem: kapyer-), Eastern Old Japanese kapyiru. Derived in turn from Proto-Japonic *kapi-ra-, root *kapi- (“to turn”).

The intransitive counterpart to transitive / causative form かへす (kafesu, “to give something back; to make something go back”).

Verb

かへる (intransitive, quadrigrade conjugation, rōmaji kaferu, verb stem kafer-)

  1. (反る, 返る) circumstances or things become backwards or flipped:
    1. (反る) to turn backwards, to flip or turn so the back side is facing forwards; to turn upside-down; to fall over on a side
    2. (反る) to change in shape or quality, to fade in color
  2. (反る, 返る, 帰る, 還る) circumstances or things go back to their original position or state:
    1. (帰る) to arrive back home; to leave in order to go home
    2. (返る, 還る) to return or go back to an original state
    3. (返る) to start again, to renew (generally in reference to the new year)
      attributive form: early the following (year, etc.)
      Sarashina Nikki, early 1000s:
      かへる年(とし)のつかさめしに
      kaferu toshi no tsukameshi ni
      at the summoning of the following year's new officials

Derived terms

Descendants

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