かへる: difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Content deleted Content added
→Etymology: modification of meaning of related term Tag: no head temp |
→Middle Japanese: +refs |
||
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Middle Japanese== |
==Middle Japanese== |
||
===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
||
*IPA, c.800: /kaɸeru/ |
*IPA, c.800: /kaɸeru/ |
||
Line 5: | Line 6: | ||
*IPA, c.1350: /kajeru/ |
*IPA, c.1350: /kajeru/ |
||
===Etymology=== |
===Etymology 1=== |
||
{{IPAfont|⟨kape<sub>1</sub>ru⟩}} → {{IPAchar|/kaperu/}} → {{IPAchar|/kaferu/}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
The intransitive counterpart to transitive / causative form [[かへす]] (''kafesu'', “to give something back; to make something go back”).<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> |
|||
===Verb=== |
===Verb=== |
||
<!-- Eventually, we'll want to have a template like {{ljp-verb}} --> |
|||
====かへる (''quadrigrade, intransitive'')==== |
|||
<span style="font-size:137%;">かへる</span> (''intransitive, [[四段活用#Japanese|quadrigrade conjugation]], [[rōmaji]]'' '''[[kaferu]]''''', verb stem'' '''kafer-''') |
|||
====Roman transcription ''kaferu'', stem ''kafer-''.==== |
|||
#to [[return]], [[go]] back |
|||
# ([[反る]], [[返る]]) circumstances or things become [[backwards]] or [[flipped]]: |
|||
#to [[go]] [[home]] |
|||
## ([[反る]]) to [[turn]] [[backwards]], to [[flip]] or [[turn]] so the back side is facing forwards; to turn [[upside-down]]; to fall over on a side |
|||
⚫ | |||
## ([[反る]]) to [[change]] in [[shape]] or [[quality]], to [[fade]] in [[color]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
# ([[反る]], [[返る]], [[帰る]], [[還る]]) circumstances or things go back to their original [[position]] or [[state]]: |
|||
⚫ | |||
## ([[帰る]]) to [[arrive]] back [[home]]; to [[leave]] in order to [[go]] [[home]] |
|||
## ([[返る]], [[還る]]) to [[return]] or [[go]] back to an original state |
|||
## ([[返る]]) to start again, to renew {{gloss|generally in reference to the new year}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
<!-- to be replaced with {{ljp-usex}}, calling the appropriate module to generate the romaji --> |
|||
⚫ | |||
====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
||
<!-- We'll also want to have a template like {{ljp-r}} to generate ruby / romaji --> |
|||
*かへりいます: "to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]]" (honorific) |
|||
*かへり |
* [[かへりいます]] (''kaferiimasu''): to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]] (honorific) |
||
*かへり |
* [[かへりく]] (''kaferiku''): to [[come]] [[back]] |
||
*かへり |
* [[かへりごと]] (''kaferigoto''): [[reply]]; ([[gift]] [[give]]n as) [[recompense]] |
||
*かへりまう |
* [[かへりまうづ]] (''kaferimaudu''): to [[come]]/[[go]] [[back]] (humble) |
||
*かへり |
* [[かへりまうでく]] (''kaferimaudeku''): to [[come]] [[back]] (humble) |
||
* [[かへりゆく]] (''kaferiyuku''): to [[go]] [[back]] |
|||
====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
||
*Japanese: |
*Japanese: {{m|ja|反る}}, {{m|ja|返る}}, {{m|ja|帰る}}, {{m|ja|還る|tr=kaeru}} |
||
===References=== |
|||
<references/> |
Revision as of 22:19, 5 February 2018
Middle Japanese
Pronunciation
- IPA, c.800: /kaɸeru/
- IPA, c.1050: /kaweru/
- IPA, c.1350: /kajeru/
Etymology 1
⟨kape1ru⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/
From Old Japanese kapyeru (stem: kapyer-), Eastern Old Japanese kapyiru.[1] Derived in turn from Proto-Japonic *kapi-ra-, root *kapi- (“to turn”).
The intransitive counterpart to transitive / causative form かへす (kafesu, “to give something back; to make something go back”).[2]
Verb
かへる (intransitive, quadrigrade conjugation, rōmaji kaferu, verb stem kafer-)
- (反る, 返る) circumstances or things become backwards or flipped:
- (反る, 返る, 帰る, 還る) circumstances or things go back to their original position or state:
- (帰る) to arrive back home; to leave in order to go home
- (返る, 還る) to return or go back to an original state
- (返る) to start again, to renew (generally in reference to the new year)
- attributive form: early the following (year, etc.)
- Sarashina Nikki, early 1000s:
- かへる年のつかさめしに
- kaferu toshi no tsukameshi ni
- at the summoning of the following year's new officials
- attributive form: early the following (year, etc.)
Derived terms
- かへりいます (kaferiimasu): to come/go back (honorific)
- かへりく (kaferiku): to come back
- かへりごと (kaferigoto): reply; (gift given as) recompense
- かへりまうづ (kaferimaudu): to come/go back (humble)
- かへりまうでく (kaferimaudeku): to come back (humble)
- かへりゆく (kaferiyuku): to go back