Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéyh₁ō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From *weh₁y- (“to twist; to wrap”), since the wild vine is naturally a liana twisting and wrapping around the trees.

Wild common grape vine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) is indigenous to both regions (the northern coast of the Black Sea as well as Anatolia) where the PIE homeland is placed, thus the word may have been used prior to the domestication.

Perhaps related to Proto-Semitic *wayn-, whence Hebrew יַיִן (yáyin, “wine”) and Arabic وَيْن (wayn, “black grape”); as well as (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwino-, in which case the direction of borrowing is disputed among linguists.

Note that the word may have been borrowed separately from non-Indo-European languages of the Mediterranean area into various Indo-European branches, in which case the Proto-Indo-European reconstructed form would not have existed (see entry "vine" in Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English by Eric Partridge etc).

Noun

*wéyh₁ō n

1. vine
2. wine

Declension

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*wóynom
genitive	*wóynosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wóynom	*wóynoy(h₁)	*wóyneh₂
vocative	*wóynom	*wóynoy(h₁)	*wóyneh₂
accusative	*wóynom	*wóynoy(h₁)	*wóyneh₂
genitive	*wóynosyo	*?	*wóynoHom
ablative	*wóynead	*?	*wóynomos
dative	*wóynoey	*?	*wóynomos
locative	*wóyney, *wóynoy	*?	*wóynoysu
instrumental	*wóynoh₁	*?	*wóynōys

Descendants

• Albanian: *wainā
  • Albanian: verë, venë
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: գինի (gini)
    • Armenian: գինի (gini)
  • → (probably) Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwino- (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: *wóinos
  • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀺𐀜 (wo-no)
  • Ancient Greek: οἶνος (oînos)

    Aeolic Greek: ϝοῖνος (woînos)

• Indo-Iranian: *wáyHnam
  • Iranian: *wáyHnam
    • Persian: وین (vīn, “black grape”) (possibly, or borrowed from French)
• Italic: *wīnom
  • Faliscan: 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌 (uinom), 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌏 (uino, acc.sg.)
  • Latin: vīnum (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Celtic: *wīnom (see there for further descendants)
    • → Etruscan: 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌌 (vinum)
    • → Proto-Germanic: *wīną (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Slavic: *vīnò (see there for further descendants)
  • Umbrian: 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖 (vinu), 𐌖𐌉𐌌𐌖 (uimu)
  • Volscian: 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖 (uinu)