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==Proto-Indo-European== |
==Proto-Indo-European== |
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===Alternative forms=== |
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* {{alter|ine-pro|alt=*keh₂p-}}<ref name="LIV">{{R:ine:LIV|head=*keh₂p-¹|pages=344–345}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIPP|79}}</ref> |
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===Etymology=== |
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Possibly of {{bor|gem-pro|qfa-sub}} origin, as evidenced by the a-grade<ref name="Schrijver">{{R:Schrijver:1997|293-297}}</ref>, or perhaps [[onomatopoeic]], compare {{m|ine-pro|*gʰeh₁bʰ-|*gʰabʰ-|t=to seize}}<ref>{{R:ine:LIV|head=?*ĝʰeHb-¹|pages=195}}</ref>. |
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===Root=== |
===Root=== |
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{{ine-root}}<ref |
{{ine-root}}<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|vol=II|head=kap-|pages=527-529}}</ref><ref>{{R:TOitPIEatPIEw|head=*kap-|270}}</ref><ref name="Sihler">{{R:ine:Sihler:1995}}</ref> |
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# to [[seize]] |
# to [[seize]], [[hold]] |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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* {{l|ine-pro|*kh₂pyéti|*kap-yé-ti|pos=ye-present|t=to be seized, held}}<ref name="LIV" /> {{see desc}} |
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{{PIE root see}} |
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**** {{desc|grc|καπᾱνα|t=wagon|der=1|unc=1}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*kap-nó-s|t=harbour}}<ref name="Sihler" /> |
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** {{desc|gem-pro|*habnō}} {{q|< *kapn-éh₂}} {{see desc}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*káp-no-s}}<ref name="EDPG_habanō" /> |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*káp-ōl ~ *kap-én-s}} |
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** {{desc|iir-pro|*kapā́las|t=head, skull; bowl}} {{see desc}} |
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** {{desc|gem-pro|*henþō|unc=1}}<ref>{{R:gem:HGE|*xenþō(n)|169}}</ref> {{q|< *kpen-téh₂?}} |
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*** {{desc|ang|hion|t=skull}} |
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*** {{desc|frr|hann|t=lobe of the brain}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*káp-u-ko-s}}<ref name="Schrijver" /> |
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** {{desc|cel-pro|*kaɸukos|t=cup}}<ref name="Schrijver" /><ref name="EDL" /> |
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*** {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*kọg}} |
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**** {{desc|cy|cawg}} |
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*** {{desc|sga|cuäch}}, {{l|sga|cuach}}, {{l|sga|cúach}} |
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**** {{desc|ga|cuach}} |
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**** {{desc|gd|cuach}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*káp-ut|t=head}}<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|vol=II|head=kap-ut|pages=529-530}}</ref><ref name="Schrijver" /><ref>{{R:la:Schrijver|100-101}}</ref><ref>{{R:TOitPIEatPIEw|page=270}}</ref> ~ {{l|ine-pro||*kap-wét-s}}<ref name="EDPG_ha(u)beda" /><ref>{{R:EWddS|ed=22|hw=Haupt}}</ref> |
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** {{desc|gem-pro|*haubudą|*hafudą}} ~ {{l|gem-pro||*haubeþaz|t=head}} {{q|metastasized < *habweþaz}}<ref name="EDPG_ha(u)beda">{{R:gem:EDPG|*ha(u)beda- ~ *ha(u)buda-|215}}</ref> {{see desc}} |
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** {{desc|itc-pro|*kaput}}<ref name="EDL">{{R:itc:EDL|head=caput, -itis|91}}</ref> |
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*** {{desc|la|caput|t=head}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*káp-wl̥ ~ *kap-wén-s|t=head}} |
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** {{desc|cel-pro|*kʷennom|t=head|unc=1}} {{q|< *kpwen-nó-m?}} {{see desc}} |
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* {{desc|ine-pro||*kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os|nolb=1|unc=1}} |
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** Albanian: |
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*** {{desc|sq|kopshtë|t=garden}} {{q|+ {{l|sq|-shtë}}}} |
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** {{desc|grk-pro|*kāpos}}<ref>{{R:grc:EDG|688|κήπος}}</ref> |
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*** {{desc|grc|κῆπος|t=garden, orchard, plantation}} |
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* {{desc|ine-pro||*kṓp-s ~ *kap-és|nolb=1|unc=1}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro|*kh₂pyéti|*kh₂p-yé-ti|pos=ye-present}}<ref name="LIV"/><ref name="DV"/><ref name="Beekes"/><ref>{{R:sq:Orel|kap|page=169}}</ref><ref>{{R:sq:Demiraj|head=kap}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:EIEC|563}}</ref> |
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** {{desc| |
** {{desc|grk-pro|*kṓpā}}<ref>{{R:grc:EDG|head=κώπη|pages=815-816}}</ref> |
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*** {{desc| |
*** {{desc|grc|κώπη|t=grip, handle}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*kh₂p-(e)h₁-yé-|pos=post-Indo-European innovated stative}}<ref name="LIV"/><ref>{{R:Ringe 2006|page=164}}</ref> |
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** {{desc|gem-pro|*habjaną|gloss=to have}} |
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* {{l|ine-pro||*kh₂p-nós}}, {{l|ine-pro||*kh₂p-néh₂}}<ref name="Philippa">{{R:nl:Philippa EWN 2009|haven}}</ref> or {{l|ine-pro||*kh₂p-ó-neh₂}}<ref name="Kroonen">{{R:gem:Kroonen 2013|pages=196-197}}</ref> |
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** Dimili-Zazaki: Kop (handle, holder) |
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* Unsorted formations: |
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** {{qual|perhaps}} Armenian:<ref>{{R:xcl:HSB|խափ}}</ref> |
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*** {{desc|xcl|խափ}}, {{l|xcl|խափանեմ}} {{qualifier|possibly}} |
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** Balto-Slavic: |
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** Italic: |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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<references/> |
<references /> |
Revision as of 05:02, 28 October 2019
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
Etymology
Possibly of substrate origin, as evidenced by the a-grade[3], or perhaps onomatopoeic, compare *gʰabʰ- (“to seize”)[4].
Root
Derived terms
- *kap-yé-ti (“to be seized, held”, ye-present)[1] (see there for further descendants)
- *káp-eh₂[8]
- *kap-nó-s (“harbour”)[7]
- *káp-no-s[9]
- *káp-ōl ~ *kap-én-s
- *kap-tós (“seized, held”)
- *káp-u-ko-s[3]
- *káp-wl̥ ~ *kap-wén-s (“head”)
- >? [Term?], *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os
- >? [Term?], *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*keh₂p-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 344–345
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 79
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The template Template:R:Schrijver:1997 does not use the parameter(s):
1=293-297
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Schrijver, Peter (1997) “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy[1], Amsterdam/Atlanta, pages 293–316 - ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*ĝʰeHb-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 195
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kap-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 527-529
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*kap-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 270
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 640
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*habanō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 196-197
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xenþō(n)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “caput, -itis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kap-ut”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 529-530
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 100-101
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 270
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ha(u)beda- ~ *ha(u)buda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Haupt”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κήπος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 688
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κώπη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 815-816