haven
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English haven, havene, from Old English hæfen (“haven; harbour; port”), from Proto-West Germanic *habanu, from Proto-Germanic *habnō, *habanō (compare Dutch haven, German Hafen, Norwegian/Danish havn, Swedish hamn), from Proto-Germanic *habą (“sea”) (compare Old English hæf, Middle Low German haf, Old Norse haf (“sea”), German Haff (“bay or lagoon behind a spit”), perhaps, in the sense of "heaving sea", etymologically identical with Old Norse haf (“heaving, lifting, uplift, elevation”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift, heave”)), or from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pnós (compare Old Irish cúan (“harbor, recess, haven”)). Doublet of abra.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
haven (plural havens)
- A harbour or anchorage protected from the sea.
- c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act 13, scene what ſhipping, and what ladings in our hauen,]:
- 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “"Break, break, break,"”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 229:
- And the stately ships go on / To their haven under the hill;
- (by extension) A place of safety.
- 2011 December 21, Helen Pidd, “Europeans migrate south as continent drifts deeper into crisis”, in the Guardian[1]:
- Since its conception, the European Union has been a haven for those seeking refuge from war, persecution and poverty in other parts of the world.
- (by extension) A peaceful place.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Verb[edit]
haven (third-person singular simple present havens, present participle havening, simple past and past participle havened)
- To put into, or provide with a haven.
Translations[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Danish[edit]
Noun[edit]
haven c
Dutch[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Dutch havene, from Old Dutch *havana, from Proto-West Germanic *habanu, from Proto-Germanic *habnō, *habanō.
Noun[edit]
haven f (plural havens, diminutive haventje n)
Derived terms[edit]
- port types
- toponyms
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun[edit]
haven
- Plural form of have.
Finnish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- hapene (dialectal)
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *haben, possibly a Baltic loan.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
haven
Declension[edit]
Inflection of haven (Kotus type 49*E/askel, p-v gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | haven hapene |
hapenet hapeneet | ||
genitive | hapenen hapeneen |
hapenien haventen hapeneien | ||
partitive | haventa hapenetta |
hapenia hapeneita | ||
illative | hapeneen hapeneeseen |
hapeniin hapeneisiin hapeneihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | haven hapene |
hapenet hapeneet | ||
accusative | nom. | haven hapene |
hapenet hapeneet | |
gen. | hapenen hapeneen | |||
genitive | hapenen hapeneen |
hapenien haventen hapeneien | ||
partitive | haventa hapenetta |
hapenia hapeneita | ||
inessive | hapenessa hapeneessa |
hapenissa hapeneissa | ||
elative | hapenesta hapeneesta |
hapenista hapeneista | ||
illative | hapeneen hapeneeseen |
hapeniin hapeneisiin hapeneihin | ||
adessive | hapenella hapeneella |
hapenilla hapeneilla | ||
ablative | hapenelta hapeneelta |
hapenilta hapeneilta | ||
allative | hapenelle hapeneelle |
hapenille hapeneille | ||
essive | hapenena hapeneena |
hapenina hapeneina | ||
translative | hapeneksi hapeneeksi |
hapeniksi hapeneiksi | ||
instructive | — | hapenin hapenein | ||
abessive | hapenetta hapeneetta |
hapenitta hapeneitta | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Anagrams[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old English habban, hafian, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
haven
- to own (to have ownership of):
- to possess (an abstraction; a quality)
- to include (as a part, ingredient, or feature).
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[2], published c. 1410, James 2:17, page 110r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- ſo alſo feiþ if it haþ not werkis .· is deed in it ſelf
- So faith, if it doesn't incorporate works as well, is dead on its own.
- to hold; to have at disposal
- to get, acquire, or obtain:
- c. 1375, “Book I”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2)[3], Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 2, recto, lines 225-228; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:
- A fredome is a noble thing / fredome mayß man to haiff liking / fredome all ſolace to ma[n] giffis / He levys at eß [that] frely levys
- Oh, freedom is a noble thing: / it allows people to get enjoyment / and provides all of humanity's peace. / If you live free, you live at ease!
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[4], published c. 1410, Joon 10:10, page 49v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- a nyȝt þeef comeþ not .· but þat he ſteele ſle ⁊ leeſe / and I cam þat þey haue lijf .· ⁊ haue more plenteuouſli.
- A stealthy thief doesn't come unless he can steal, kill, and ruin. But I came so they could have life, and have it more abundantly.
- to do; to perform (an action):
- (auxillary) Denotes completion; forms the perfect tense.
- to keep; to maintain (in a condition)
- to have (in a certain relationship)
- to consider; to look upon
- to experience; to undergo
Usage notes[edit]
- As in Modern English, haven may be used elliptically in auxiliary constructions if the main verb is implicit.
- The perfect progressive construction (modern have been + present) is known in Middle English, though rare and late.
- Some intransitive verbs may form the perfect with ben rather than haven.
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | (to) haven, have, han, ha | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | have, ha | hadde, haved | |
2nd-person singular | havest, hast | haddest, havedest | |
3rd-person singular | haveth, hath | hadde, haved | |
subjunctive singular | have, ha | ||
imperative singular | — | ||
plural1 | haven, have, han, ha | hadden, hadde, haveden, havede | |
imperative plural | haveth, have, ha | — | |
participles | havynge, havende | had, haved, yhad, yhaved |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “hā̆ven, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle High German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old High German hafan m (“pot”).
Noun[edit]
haven
Swedish[edit]
Noun[edit]
haven
- definite plural of hav
West Frisian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Frisian *hafen, *haven, from Proto-West Germanic *habanu, from Proto-Germanic *habnō.
Noun[edit]
haven c (plural havens, diminutive haventsje)
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “haven (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂p-
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