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==Japanese== |
==Japanese== |
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{{ja-kanjitab| |
{{ja-kanjitab|と|yomi=o}} |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
Revision as of 21:26, 23 March 2020
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
閉 |
と Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Originally derived from verb とづ (todzu) as the stem form とぢ (todji) + intransitive / passive auxiliary verb る (ru). Over time, the distinction between ぢ (dji) and じ (ji) was lost, leading to modern とじる (tojiru).
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "閉じる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
閉じる | とじる | [tòjíꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 閉じろ | とじろ | [tòjíꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 閉じられる | とじられる | [tòjíráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 閉じさせる | とじさせる | [tòjísáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 閉じられる | とじられる | [tòjíráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 閉じよう | とじよー | [tòjíyóꜜò] |
Negative | 閉じない | とじない | [tòjíꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 閉じなかった | とじなかった | [tòjíꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 閉じます | とじます | [tòjímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 閉じた | とじた | [tóꜜjìtà] |
Conjunctive | 閉じて | とじて | [tóꜜjìtè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 閉じれば | とじれば | [tòjíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
閉じる • (tojiru) ←とぢる (todiru)?transitive ichidan (stem 閉じ (toji), past 閉じた (tojita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "閉じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 閉じ | とじ | toji | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 閉じ | とじ | toji | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 閉じる | とじる | tojiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 閉じる | とじる | tojiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 閉じれ | とじれ | tojire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 閉じよ¹ 閉じろ² |
とじよ¹ とじろ² |
tojiyo¹ tojiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 閉じられる | とじられる | tojirareru | |
Causative | 閉じさせる 閉じさす |
とじさせる とじさす |
tojisaseru tojisasu | |
Potential | 閉じられる 閉じれる³ |
とじられる とじれる³ |
tojirareru tojireru³ | |
Volitional | 閉じよう | とじよう | tojiyō | |
Negative | 閉じない 閉じぬ 閉じん |
とじない とじぬ とじん |
tojinai tojinu tojin | |
Negative continuative | 閉じず | とじず | tojizu | |
Formal | 閉じます | とじます | tojimasu | |
Perfective | 閉じた | とじた | tojita | |
Conjunctive | 閉じて | とじて | tojite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 閉じれば | とじれば | tojireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Synonyms
- 閉める (shimeru)
Derived terms
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 閉 read as と
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples