fíad

See also: fiad

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [fʲiːa̯ð]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *wēdus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁-u-s.

Noun

fíad m

1. game, wild animals
2. deer
3. wasteland, wilderness
4. uncultivated land
5. a territory, land

Inflection

Masculine u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	fíad	fíadL	fíadaeH
Vocative	fíad	fíadL	fíadu
Accusative	fíadN	fíadL	fíadu
Genitive	fíadoH, fíadaH	fíadoL, fíadaL	fíadaeN
Dative	fíadL	fíadaib	fíadaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

• (deer): ag, oss, séd, sideng
• (game): selg
• (wasteland, wilderness): díthrub, fásach

Derived terms

• fíadach
• fíadaige
• fíadaigid
• fíadair
• fíadamail
• fíadan

 

Descendants

• Irish: fia
• Manx: feeaih
• Scottish Gaelic: fiadh

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 fíad”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *wēdūi, dative singular of *wēdos (“sight, presence”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“perceive, see”).

Preposition

fíad (governs the dative, triggers lenition)

1. before (in time)
2. before (in space), in front of
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 19^b6

     Ro·pridchad dúib céssad Críst amal ad·cethe ꝉ fo·rócrad dúib amal bid fíadib no·crochthe.

     Christ’s Passion has been preached to you as though it were seen; or it has been announced to you as if he had been crucified before you.

Inflection

Inflection of fíad

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	fíadam
2d person sing.		*fíadutsa
3d sing. masc./neut., dative	fíado, fíada
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative
1st person pl.
2d person pl.	fíad(a)ib	fíadibsi
3d person pl., dative	fíad(a)ib
3d person pl., accusative

Further reading

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 274–75, 511
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fíad”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
fíad	ḟíad	fíad pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.