Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/golъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, naked”), probably influenced by Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”) (cf. Proto-Slavic *golъtь, *golotь (“hoarfrost”)) which explains the accent paradigm (AP b = non-mobile, non-acute in Balto-Slavic). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz and Latin calvus (“bald, hairless”).
Probably, further akin to Ancient Greek γᾰλεός (galeós, “dogfish”), γαλέη (galéē, “weasel”), Latin glīs (“dormouse”) (getting their names due to their smooth skin/fur). Per Trubachev, a relation (via ablaut) to Proto-Slavic *žely (“tortoise”) is also possible. Georgiev (BER) and Pokorny (IEW) also draw comparison with Latvian gā̀ls (“ice-smooth, slick”), gàla (“frost, thin layer of ice”), which however exhibit enlonged grade.
Adjective
Declension
Indefinite declension of *golъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *golъ | *gola | *golo |
| genitive | *gola | *goly | *gola |
| dative | *golu | *golě | *golu |
| accusative | *golъ | *golǫ | *golo |
| instrumental | *golomь | *golojǫ | *golomь |
| locative | *golě | *golě | *golě |
| vocative | *gole | *golo | *golo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
| genitive | *golu | *golu | *golu |
| dative | *goloma | *golama | *goloma |
| accusative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
| instrumental | *goloma | *golama | *goloma |
| locative | *golu | *golu | *golu |
| vocative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *goli | *goly | *gola |
| genitive | *golъ | *golъ | *golъ |
| dative | *golomъ | *golamъ | *golomъ |
| accusative | *goly | *goly | *gola |
| instrumental | *goly | *golami | *goly |
| locative | *golěxъ | *golaxъ | *golěxъ |
| vocative | *goli | *goly | *gola |
Definite declension of *golъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *golъjь | *golaja | *goloje |
| genitive | *golajego | *golyję̇ | *golajego |
| dative | *golujemu | *golěji | *golujemu |
| accusative | *golъjь | *golǫjǫ | *goloje |
| instrumental | *golyjimь | *golǫjǫ | *golyjimь |
| locative | *golějemь | *golěji | *golějemь |
| vocative | *golъjь | *golaja | *goloje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
| genitive | *goluju | *goluju | *goluju |
| dative | *golyjima | *golyjima | *golyjima |
| accusative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
| instrumental | *golyjima | *golyjima | *golyjima |
| locative | *goluju | *goluju | *goluju |
| vocative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *goliji | *golyję̇ | *golaja |
| genitive | *golъjixъ | *golъjixъ | *golъjixъ |
| dative | *golyjimъ | *golyjimъ | *golyjimъ |
| accusative | *golyję̇ | *golyję̇ | *golaja |
| instrumental | *golyjimi | *golyjimi | *golyjimi |
| locative | *golyjixъ | *golyjixъ | *golyjixъ |
| vocative | *goliji | *golyję̇ | *golaja |
Derived terms
- *golěti (“to be naked”)
- *goliti (“to get naked”)
- *golakъ, *golanъ (“poor, shaggy person”)
- *golěnь (“crus”)
- *golikъ, *golica, *golizna (“bare, desolate place/object”)
- *golma (“naked, smooth rock”)
- *golostь, *golota (“bareness, nakedness”)
- *golyni (“nakedness”)
- *golьje (“condition of baldness/nakedness”)
- *golьcъ m, *golъka f (“bald person/animal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “го́лый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*golъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 14
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гол¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 261
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176: “adj. o (b) ‘naked’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “golъ gola golo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b nøgen (PR 136)”