Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀtei, *wirstei from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥t-, from Proto-Indo-European *wert-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vir̃sti (“to fall, to collapse”), 1sg. virčiù, Latvian vḕrst (“to direct, to steer”), Old Prussian wīrst (“becomes”, 3sg.). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, to roll”), Latin vertō (“to turn”), Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”).

Verb

*vьrtě̀ti

1. to turn

Inflection

Conjugation of *vьrtěti, *vьrtě, *vьrtitь (?, -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vьrtěnьje	*vьrtěti	*vьrtětъ	*vьrtělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vьrtěnъ	*vьrtimъ
Active	*vьrtěvъ	*vьrtę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrtěxъ	*vьrtě	*vьrtě	*vьrťǫ	*vьrtiši	*vьrtitь
Dual	*vьrtěxově	*vьrtěsta	*vьrtěste	*vьrtivě	*vьrtita	*vьrtite
Plural	*vьrtěxomъ	*vьrtěste	*vьrtěšę	*vьrtimъ	*vьrtite	*vьrtętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrtěaxъ	*vьrtěaše	*vьrtěaše	—	*vьrti	*vьrti
Dual	*vьrtěaxově	*vьrtěašeta	*vьrtěašete	*vьrtivě	*vьrtita	—
Plural	*vьrtěaxomъ	*vьrtěašete	*vьrtěaxǫ	*vьrtimъ	*vьrtite	—

Related terms

• *vermę (“time”)
• *vertenò (“spindle”)
• *vorta (“door, gate”)
• *vьrstь
• *vьrtъ (“garden”)

• *vortìti (“to turn, to return”)
• *vьrsta, *vьrstva (“row, line, age, kind”)
• *vortъ (“neck”)
• *kuvьrtati

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: вьртѣти (vĭrtěti)
    • Old Ruthenian: вертѣти (vertěti)
      • Belarusian: вярце́ць (vjarcjécʹ)
      • Ukrainian: верті́ти (vertíty)
    • Russian: верте́ть (vertétʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: врьтѣти (vrĭtěti)

  • Bulgarian: въртя́ (vǎrtjá)
  • Macedonian: врти (vrti)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: вр́тјети

    Latin script: vŕtjeti

  • Slovene: vrtẹ́ti
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vrtěti
    • Czech: vrtět
      • Moravian : vrťet
  • Old Polish: wiercieć
    • Polish: wiercić
  • Silesian: wiertać
  • Slovak: vrtieť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wjerćić
    • Lower Sorbian: wjerśeś

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Aromanian: anvãrtescu (with an and -escu)
  • → Romanian: învârti (with în)
  • → Romanian: vârtej

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 539
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “верте́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “верте́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 144