सस्ता
Hindi
Etymology
Unclear.[1] Cognate to Punjabi ਸਸਤਾ (sastā), Nepali सस्तो (sasto), Gujarati સસ્તું (sastũ), Sindhi سَستو (sasto), Bengali সস্তা (śosta), Odia ଶସ୍ତା (śastā), Assamese সস্তা (xosta), Sylheti ꠢꠍꠔꠣ (hosta), and the hypercorrected Marathi स्वस्त (svasta) (earlier सस्त (sasta)).
The preservation of the cluster -st- universally rules out Sanskrit inheritance; most Indo-Aryan languages would have assimilated that to -tt-. Given the widespread distribution of the term, it would have been an early borrowing.
Several theories have been put forward:
- An assimilation of Persian سست (sost, “languid, lazy; loose”), making it a doublet of सुस्त (sust).
- Inherited from Sanskrit स्वस्थ (svastha, “healthy”).[2][3] This is unlikely due to the regular simplification of consonant clusters in Middle Indo-Aryan; compare Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "psu" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF., which would theoretically yield Hindi *साथा (sāthā) or *सत्था (satthā).
- The likely wrong suggestion of inheritance from Sanskrit समर्घ (samargha, “having a low price”).[4] This already yielded Hindi सहँगा (sahaṅgā, “cheap”), which is not very common now. The only redeeming quality of this suggestion is that offers a direct contrast to Hindi महंगा (mahaṅgā, “expensive”), from Sanskrit महार्घ (mahārgha, “having a high price”). Compare Old Marathi सवंग (savaṃga), Gujarati સોંઘું (soṅghũ).[5]
Pronunciation
Adjective
सस्ता • (sastā) (Urdu spelling سستا)
- cheap, inexpensive
- 1882, Lālā Śrīnivāsdās, Parīkṣā Guru :
- उन्हें लिखा था कि मैंने बहुत सस्ता समझ कर इस्समय एक गांव साठ हज़ार रुपे में खरीद लिया है […]
- unhẽ likhā thā ki ma͠ine bahut sastā samajh kar issamay ek gāmv sāṭh hazār rupe mẽ kharīd liyā hai […]
- They wrote to them saying that at this time I had bought a town for seven thousand rupees thinking it to be very cheap.
- उन्हें लिखा था कि मैंने बहुत सस्ता समझ कर इस्समय एक गांव साठ हज़ार रुपे में खरीद लिया है […]
- Antonym: महंगा (mahaṅgā)
Declension
Declension of सस्ता (ā-stem)
See also
References
- ^ McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सस्ता”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सस्ता”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- ^ Platts, John T. (1884) “सस्ता”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- ^ The template Template:R:Fallon does not use the parameter(s):
1=ur 2=سستا
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.S. W. Fallon (1879) “सस्ता”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co. - ^ Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “सवंग”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
Further reading
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सस्ता”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- John Shakespear (1834) “سستا”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Categories:
- Hindi terms with unknown etymologies
- Hindi terms borrowed from Persian
- Hindi terms derived from Persian
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi terms with quotations
- Hindi ā-stem adjectives