Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰagás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”) +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Possibly related to Old Armenian բակ (bak).

Noun

*bʰagás m

1. portion, part, share, allotment
2. fate, destiny
3. (religion) "the dispenser"; a god

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰagás	*bʰagā́	*bʰagā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative	*bʰaga	*bʰagā́	*bʰagā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative	*bʰagám	*bʰagā́	*bʰagā́ns
instrumental	*bʰagā́	*bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰagā́yš
ablative	*bʰagā́t	*bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰagáybʰyas
dative	*bʰagā́y	*bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰagáybʰyas
genitive	*bʰagásya	*bʰagáyās	*bʰagā́na(H)m
locative	*bʰagáy	*bʰagáyaw	*bʰagáyšu

Related terms

• *bʰaktás

Derived terms

• *bʰagáputrás (“son of god”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bagápuθráh
    • Bactrian: βαγοπουρο (bagopouro /⁠βaɣpūr⁠/)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠βaɣpūr⁠/)

      Sogdian script: 𐼱𐼲𐼾𐼰𐼴𐽀 (βɣpʾwr)

      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫄𐫛𐫢𐫏𐫏 (bɣpšyy)

      • → Classical Persian: ڤغپور (βaγfūr)

        Persian: فغفور (faγfūr), فغفوری (faγfūrī, “Chinese [porcelain]”)

        • → Arabic: بَغْبُور (baḡbūr), فَغْفُور (faḡfūr)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: فغفور (fağfûr), فغفوری (fağfûrî)
            • Turkish: fağfur, fağfuri
            • → Greek: φαρφουρί (farfourí, “thin porcelain”)
            • → Russian: фарфо́р (farfór, “porcelain”)
    • Parthian: (/⁠βaγpuhr⁠/)

      Parthian: 𐫁𐫃𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (bgpwhr)

      • → Classical Persian: بغپور (baγpūr), بغبور (baγbūr)
• *bʰagádʰHtás (“given by god”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bágadaHtah (see more)
    • → English: Baghdad
• *bʰagásayHnas (“temple”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnah
    • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ(a)n⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄𐫗 (βɣn)

    • Parthian: (/⁠baγin⁠/)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭁𐭂𐭍𐭉 (bgny)

      • → Old Armenian: բագին (bagin)
      • → Old Georgian: ბაგინი (bagini)
    • > Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnapátiš (“the master of temple”)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγnpat(u)⁠/, “sorcerer; priest”)

        Sogdian script: [script needed] (βγnpt), [script needed] (βγnptw)

        Syriac script: ܭܮܢܦܬ (βγnpt), ܭܮܢܦܬܘ (βγnptw)

      • Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫁𐫢𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫅 (bšnbyd /⁠bašnbed⁠/, “master of idol temple”) (> *bagaina > *bažin > *bašn)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰagás
  • Sanskrit: भग (bhága, “prosperity, well-being, happiness; "dispenser" (epithet of gods); Bhaga (name of a god)”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *bagáh (“portion, share, fate; god”)
  • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀‏ (baγa‏), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀‏ (baga‏, “share, (favourable) lot”)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: βαγο (bago /⁠baγ⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: اڤغیک (ʾβγyk /⁠*aβγīk⁠/, “(lit) little idol, doll, puppet”) (> *bagakáh)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ⁠/)

      Sogdian script: [script needed] (βγ)

      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄 (βɣ), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)

      Syriac script: ܒܓ (bg), ܒܮ (bγ)

      • → Classical Persian: ڤغ (vγ /⁠βaγ⁠/), فغ (faγ)
  • Parthian: (/⁠bag(early) ~ baγ (late)⁠/)

    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭇 (ALḤ)

    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫃 (bg), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)

    • → Old Armenian: բագ (bag, “god; portion”)
    • → Classical Persian: بغ (baγ, “idol; lord”)
  • Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /⁠baga⁠/, “god”)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠bag (early) ~ bay (late)⁠/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ORHYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bg)

      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏 (by)

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 (bgy), 𐭥𐭥𐭧𐭩𐭠 (ORḤYA)

      • → Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)
  • → Proto-Turkic: *beg (likely)
    • → Proto-Slavic: *bãnъ (see there for further descendants)