Appendix:Finnish conjugation/kaivaa
Kotus type 56 (kaivaa) | NSK types 9–11 (kaivaa, haastaa and paistaa) | Common type I |
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Two-syllable verbs, first vowel ⟨a⟩/⟨e⟩/⟨i⟩, ending with ⟨-aa⟩ (not ⟨-ää⟩); consonant gradation possible.
As with type 53 (muistaa), ⟨-a-⟩ changes to ⟨-e-⟩ before the passive ending, but it mutates to ⟨-o-⟩ before the ⟨-i-⟩ of the personal past tense instead of being dropped.
Basic conjugation without consonant gradation
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Consonant gradation
[edit]Summary
[edit]Gradation | Kotus | *B | *C | *D | *F | *J |
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grade | pp → p | tt → t | k → ∅ | t → d | nt → nn | |
infinitive I | strong | tappaa | taittaa | alkaa | raataa | antaa |
1.sg present | weak | tapan | taitan | alan | raadan | annan |
3.sg past | strong | tappoi | taittoi | alkoi | raatoi | antoi |
3.sg conditional | strong | tappaisi | taittaisi | alkaisi | raataisi | antaisi |
3.sg potential | strong | tappanee | taittanee | alkanee | raatanee | antanee |
3.sg imperative | strong | tappakoon | taittakoon | alkakoon | raatakoon | antakoon |
past participle | strong | tappanut | taittanut | alkanut | raatanut | antanut |
passive past | weak | tapettiin | taitettiin | alettiin | raadettiin | annettiin |
Complete conjugation example with consonant gradation (t → d)
[edit]Inflection of raataa (Kotus type 56*F/kaivaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | raadan | en raada | 1st sing. | olen raatanut | en ole raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | raadat | et raada | 2nd sing. | olet raatanut | et ole raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | raataa | ei raada | 3rd sing. | on raatanut | ei ole raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | raadamme | emme raada | 1st plur. | olemme raataneet | emme ole raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | raadatte | ette raada | 2nd plur. | olette raataneet | ette ole raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | raatavat | eivät raada | 3rd plur. | ovat raataneet | eivät ole raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | raadetaan | ei raadeta | passive | on raadettu | ei ole raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | raadoin | en raatanut | 1st sing. | olin raatanut | en ollut raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | raadoit | et raatanut | 2nd sing. | olit raatanut | et ollut raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | raatoi | ei raatanut | 3rd sing. | oli raatanut | ei ollut raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | raadoimme | emme raataneet | 1st plur. | olimme raataneet | emme olleet raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | raadoitte | ette raataneet | 2nd plur. | olitte raataneet | ette olleet raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | raatoivat | eivät raataneet | 3rd plur. | olivat raataneet | eivät olleet raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | raadettiin | ei raadettu | passive | oli raadettu | ei ollut raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | raataisin | en raataisi | 1st sing. | olisin raatanut | en olisi raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | raataisit | et raataisi | 2nd sing. | olisit raatanut | et olisi raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | raataisi | ei raataisi | 3rd sing. | olisi raatanut | ei olisi raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | raataisimme | emme raataisi | 1st plur. | olisimme raataneet | emme olisi raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | raataisitte | ette raataisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte raataneet | ette olisi raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | raataisivat | eivät raataisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat raataneet | eivät olisi raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | raadettaisiin | ei raadettaisi | passive | olisi raadettu | ei olisi raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | raada | älä raada | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | raatakoon | älköön raatako | 3rd sing. | olkoon raatanut | älköön olko raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | raatakaamme | älkäämme raatako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | raatakaa | älkää raatako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | raatakoot | älkööt raatako | 3rd plur. | olkoot raataneet | älkööt olko raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | raadettakoon | älköön raadettako | passive | olkoon raadettu | älköön olko raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | raatanen | en raatane | 1st sing. | lienen raatanut | en liene raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | raatanet | et raatane | 2nd sing. | lienet raatanut | et liene raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | raatanee | ei raatane | 3rd sing. | lienee raatanut | ei liene raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | raatanemme | emme raatane | 1st plur. | lienemme raataneet | emme liene raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | raatanette | ette raatane | 2nd plur. | lienette raataneet | ette liene raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | raatanevat | eivät raatane | 3rd plur. | lienevät raataneet | eivät liene raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | raadettaneen | ei raadettane | passive | lienee raadettu | ei liene raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | raataa | present | raatava | raadettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | raatanut | raadettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | raataessa | raadettaessa | agent4 | raatama | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | raatamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | raataen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | raatamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | raatamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | raatamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | raatamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | raatamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | raataman | raadettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | raataminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Template
[edit]{{fi-conj-kaivaa}}