Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōz

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Cognates include Armenian կով (kov), Latvian govs, Persian گاو (gāv), Sanskrit गो (gó), Latin bōs and Irish bó.

Pronunciation

Noun

*kōz f

  1. a cow

Inflection

The exact inflection of this word is uncertain, but likely alternated between the stems *kū- and *kwō-. The former originates from an earlier *kwōu- in which the long vowel was assimilated to the adjacent labials.

consonant stemDeclension of *kōz (consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *kōz *kōiz
vocative *kō *kōiz
accusative *kōǭ *kōnz
genitive *kūiz *kūǫ̂
dative *kūī *kūmaz
instrumental *kūē *kūmiz

Descendants

  • Old English: cū
    • Middle English: cou, cow, cowe, cu, kow, kowe, ku
      • English: cow (see there for further descendants)
      • Geordie English: coo
      • Scots: coo, coe, cou
      • Yola: keow
  • Old Frisian: kū
    • North Frisian: ko, kø, kü
    • Saterland Frisian: Ku
    • West Frisian: ko
  • Old Saxon: kō
  • Old Dutch: cuo
    • Middle Dutch: coe
      • Dutch: koe (see there for further descendants)
      • Limburgish: ków
      • West Flemish: koe
  • Old High German: kuo
  • Old Norse: kýr
  • → Proto-Samic: *kusë
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