Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stelaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen & Lubotsky (2009), from Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”) (compare e.g. Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar), Shughni се̂рт (sêrt, “to steal, sneak”), Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”)). The supposed metathesis *ts > *st has no exact parallels, but a similar development appears in *spenô (“nipple”), from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”). Numerous other etymologies with semantic or phonetic difficulties have been earlier proposed as well.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈste.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stelaną

1. to steal
2. to sneak

Inflection

Conjugation of *stelaną (strong class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stelō	*stelaų	—	*stelai	?
2nd singular	*stilizi	*stelaiz	*stel	*stelazai	*stelaizau
3rd singular	*stilidi	*stelai	*steladau	*steladai	*stelaidau
1st dual	*stelōz	*stelaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*steladiz	*stelaidiz	*steladiz	—	—
1st plural	*stelamaz	*stelaim	—	*stelandai	*stelaindau
2nd plural	*stilid	*stelaid	*stilid	*stelandai	*stelaindau
3rd plural	*stelandi	*stelain	*stelandau	*stelandai	*stelaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stal	*stēlį̄
2nd singular	*stalt	*stēlīz
3rd singular	*stal	*stēlī
1st dual	*stēlū	*stēlīw
2nd dual	*stēludiz	*stēlīdiz
1st plural	*stēlum	*stēlīm
2nd plural	*stēlud	*stēlīd
3rd plural	*stēlun	*stēlīn
	present	past
participles	*stelandz	*stulanaz

Derived terms

• *stuldiz
• *stulraz

Related terms

• *stalōną
• *stullōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stelan
  • Old English: stelan
    • Middle English: stelen
      • English: steal
  • Old Frisian: stela
    • West Frisian: stelle
  • Old Saxon: stelan
    • Low German: stehlen
  • Old Dutch: *stelan
    • Middle Dutch: stēlen
      • Dutch: stelen
      • Limburgish: staele
  • Old High German: stelan
    • Middle High German: stelen, steln
      • Bavarian: stäihn, stöhln, stöhn
      • German: stehlen
        • → Esperanto: ŝteli
      • Luxembourgish: stielen
• Old Norse: stela, stjala
  • Icelandic: stela
  • Faroese: stjala
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: stjele
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: stela, stele
  • Old Swedish: stæla, stiala, stiæla
    • Swedish: stjäla
  • Old Danish: stælæ, stialæ, stiælæ
    • Danish: stjæle
  • , ,
  • Elfdalian: stjälå
  • Jamtish: stjæła
  • Gutnish: stjäle
  • Scanian: stjæla
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan)

References

• Kroonen, Guus with Lubotsky, Alexander (2009) “Proto-Indo-European *tsel- 'to sneak' and Germanic *stelan- 'to steal, approach stealthily'”, in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia‎^[1], volume 14