Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑk.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-.

Verb

*wakjaną

2. (transitive) to wake up, to awaken

Inflection

Conjugation of *wakjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wakjō	*wakjaų	—	*wakjai	?
2nd singular	*wakisi	*wakjais	*waki	*wakjasai	*wakjaisau
3rd singular	*wakiþi	*wakjai	*wakjaþau	*wakjaþai	*wakjaiþau
1st dual	*wakjōs	*wakjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wakjaþiz	*wakjaiþiz	*wakjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wakjamaz	*wakjaim	—	*wakjanþai	*wakjainþau
2nd plural	*wakiþ	*wakjaiþ	*wakiþ	*wakjanþai	*wakjainþau
3rd plural	*wakjanþi	*wakjain	*wakjanþau	*wakjanþai	*wakjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wakidǭ	*wakidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wakidēz	*wakidēdīz
3rd singular	*wakidē	*wakidēdī
1st dual	*wakidēdū	*wakidēdīw
2nd dual	*wakidēdudiz	*wakidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wakidēdum	*wakidēdīm
2nd plural	*wakidēdud	*wakidēdīd
3rd plural	*wakidēdun	*wakidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wakjandz	*wakidaz

Related terms

• *waknaną
• *wakraz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wakkjan
  • Old English: wæċċan, weċċan
    • Middle English: wecchen
      • English: watch
  • Old Saxon: wekkian
    • Middle Low German: wekken
  • Old Dutch: *wecken
    • Middle Dutch: wecken
      • Dutch: wekken
        • Afrikaans: wek
  • Old High German: wecchen
    • Middle High German: wecken
      • German: wecken
• Old Norse: vekja
  • Icelandic: vekja
  • Faroese: vekja
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: vekke
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: vekkja, vekkje, vekka, vekke
  • Old Swedish: vækia, vækkia
    • Swedish: väcka
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wakjan)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-.

Verb

*wakjaną

2. (intransitive) to wake, to be awake

Related terms

• *waknaną
• *wakraz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wakēn
  • Old English: wacian
    • Middle English: wakien, waken
      • Scots: wauk, walk, wak, wake
      • English: wake
  • Old Frisian: wakia
  • Old Saxon: wakōn
    • Middle Low German: waken
      • Plautdietsch: wakjen
  • Old Dutch: wacon
    • Middle Dutch: wāken
      • Dutch: waken
      • Limburgish: wake
  • Old High German: wahhēn
    • Middle High German: wachēn
      • Cimbrian: bachan
      • German: wachen
      • Luxembourgish: waachen
      • Yiddish: וואַכן (vakhn)
• Old Norse: vaka
  • Icelandic: vaka
  • Faroese: vaka
  • Norn: våga
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: våke, vake
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: vake, vaka
  • Old Swedish: vaka
    • Swedish: vaka
  • Old Danish: wakæ
    • Danish: våge
  • ,
  • Elfdalian: wåkå
  • Gutnish: vake
  • Scanian: vaga