Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₂-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*terh₂-

1. to cross over, pass through, overcome

Derived terms

• *treh₂-
• *térh₂-e-ti ~ *térh₂-o-nti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tárHati (see there for further descendants)
• *tr̥h₂-n̥t-s (adverb), from *tr̥h₂-nt- (aorist participle)
  • Proto-Celtic: *trānss (< *trānts)
    • Old Breton: tros
      • Breton: treuz
    • Old Irish: trá
    • Middle Welsh: traws
  • Proto-Italic: *trāns
    • Latin: trāns
    • Umbrian: 𐌕𐌓𐌀𐌚 (traf)
• *torh₂-éye- (causative)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tārHáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tārHáyati
      • Sanskrit: तारयति (tāráyati)
• *térh₂-dʰrom
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: τέρθρον (térthron)
• *néḱ-tr̥h₂ (with root *neḱ-)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: νέκταρ (néktar)
• *térh₂-u-ti ~ *tr̥h₂-w-enti
  • Proto-Anatolian: [Term?], *térHʷti ~ *tr̥Hʷánti
    • Hittite: 𒋻𒄴𒍣 (tar-uḫ-zi)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥Hwati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥Hwati
      • Sanskrit: तूर्वति (tū́rvati)
• *tr̥h₂-w-ént-s
  • Proto-Anatolian: *tr̥Hʷánts (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥Hwánts
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tr̥Hwánts
      • Sanskrit: तूर्वन्त्- (tūrvánt-)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian:
    • Proto-Albanian: *t(e)ratja
      • Albanian: tras
  • Proto-Celtic: *trē
    • Proto-Brythonic: *truɨ
      • Old Breton: tre, dre
        • Breton: dre
      • Old Welsh: troi
        • Middle Welsh: trwy
          • Welsh: trwy, drwy
    • Old Irish: tre
  • Proto-Germanic: *þerhw (< *terh₂-kʷe)
  • Proto-Germanic: *þurhw (< *tr̥h₂-kʷe)
  • Proto-Germanic: *þurhilą
  • Germanic: (possibly) *þrum- (< *tr̥h₂-m-)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: अवतार (avatāra), तिरः (tiraḥ)

References

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1075”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1075
• Watkins, Calvert (1985) “terə-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt