Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-kʷəj-n
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Etymology
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-kʷəy-n (Matisoff, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *kwiy=*kwəy ⪤ **d-k-wiy (LaPolla, 1987); *kwiy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972); *kwəy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987)
A widely attested root in Sino-Tibetan languages.
The nasal suffix -n is reconstructed solely on the basis of the Chinese comparandum "犬", where it is said to function as a "collective plural" suffix. This word has almost been completely replaced by 狗 (gǒu) (gǒu, from Old Chinese *Cə.kˁroʔ, "dog") in modern varieties, which Schuessler (2007) considers to be a substrate loanword of Hmong-Mien origin (Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”)), which is in turn perhaps an Austronesian loan, cf. Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Benedict, 1996). Compare Japanese いぬ (inu, “dog”) (< *iŋku (signature shift), from **i-ŋku[kuɣ] (typical reduction on the right)), and (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Korean 가히 (gahi, “dog”) (Modern 개 (gae)).
Compare Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”) (whence English hound, Latin canis, Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván)), where the -n suffixed form is preserved in many modern reflexes.
Noun
*d-kʷəj-n
Descendants
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**:
→ Japanese: 犬 (けん, ken)
Korean: 견 (犬, gyeon)
Vietnamese: khuyển (犬)
- Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Bodic
- Tibetan
- Written Tibetan: ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”)
- Tibetan
- Bodic
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Tangut-Qiang
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Proto-Karen: *thwiᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ထွံၣ် (thwì, “dog”)
See also
- *s-pjaŋ (“wild dog”)
- *s-k-jwal (“wild dog, wolf, jackal, dhole”)
- *m-par ~ pra (“wild dog, wolf”)