canis
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Latin
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]From earlier canēs. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, *ḱun- (“dog”),[1][2][3][4][5] from earlier *ḱwón-s, whence also Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván), though the expected outcome was formally much altered.
The -a- gained a number of ad hoc explanations, such as a shift of *-wo- to *-wa- in open syllables,[n 1][5] or of *-n̥- to -an- before vowels.[n 2][1] The initial unrounded c- must have been levelled early into the rest of the inflection from the expected nominative outcome *cō, as *ḱw- would have regularly delabialised before a rounded vowel.[1][2]
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈka.nis/, [ˈkänɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.nis/, [ˈkäːnis]
Noun
[edit]canis m or f (genitive canis); third declension
- a dog, a hound (animal)
- Petronius
- Cave canem.
- Beware of the dog.
- Petronius
- a ‘dog’ constellation or ‘dog’ star: either Canis Major, its brightest star Sirius; or Canis Minor, its brightest star Procyon
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.939–940:
- ‘est Canis, Īcarium dīcunt, quō sīdere mōtō
tosta sitit tellūs, praecipiturque seges’- ‘‘There is a Dog – they say [of?] Icarius – a star (or constellation), [and] where it has moved, the earth thirsts, [it] having been scorched, and the crop is seized beforehand.’’
(Maera (hound) found the body of Icarius (Athenian) and became the constellation Canis Minor with the bright ‘‘dog’’ star Procyon; it, along with Canis Major, the other celestial dog with its brighter ‘‘dog’’ star Sirius, were believed to cause late summer heat and drought.)
- ‘‘There is a Dog – they say [of?] Icarius – a star (or constellation), [and] where it has moved, the earth thirsts, [it] having been scorched, and the crop is seized beforehand.’’
- ‘est Canis, Īcarium dīcunt, quō sīdere mōtō
- a dog, a hound, a bounder, a blackguard, a cad, a heel (foul person)
- a dog, a creature (human parasite or follower who depends on someone with great power and resources and bends to their will)
- a tiger, a dragon, a savage (a fierce or enraged person)
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | canis | canēs |
| Genitive | canis | canum |
| Dative | canī | canibus |
| Accusative | canem | canēs |
| Ablative | cane | canibus |
| Vocative | canis | canēs |
Synonyms
[edit]- (dog): lātrātor (barker)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Compare possible parallel *-o- > -a- shifts in lacus, mare, manus, lanius, etc. This assumes relevelling from the stem of the accusative canem, which would have regularly reflected *ḱwónm̥.
- ^ Now mostly rejected, as this assumes a relevelling on a genitive stem *ḱwn̥-, which is actually largely attested as *ḱun- in all the word's cognates.[4]
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “canis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 152–153
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “canēs, canis, -is”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 92
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̑u̯on-, k̑un-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 632–633
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 100c, page 98
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “canēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 87
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkaː.niːs/, [ˈkäːniːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.nis/, [ˈkäːnis]
Adjective
[edit]cānīs
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈka.nis/, [ˈkänɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.nis/, [ˈkäːnis]
Verb
[edit]canis
Further reading
[edit]- “canis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “canis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- canis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- canis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to keep horses, dogs: alere equos, canes
- (ambiguous) to keep horses, dogs: alere equos, canes
- “canis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Anagrams
[edit]- nāscī (“to be born”)
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Rhymes: -is
Noun
[edit]canis m
Spanish
[edit]Noun
[edit]canis m pl
Categories:
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin feminine nouns in the third declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin nouns with multiple genders
- la:Dogs
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin adjective forms
- Latin verb forms
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Rhymes:Portuguese/is
- Rhymes:Portuguese/is/2 syllables
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese noun forms
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish noun forms