Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čitati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *čisti +‎ *-ati.

Cognate with Latgalian skaiteit, Latvian skaitīt, Lithuanian skaityti, Samogitian skaitītė.

Verb

*čitati impf

1. to read
2. to count

Conjugation

Conjugation of *čitati, *čita, *čitajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čitanьje	*čitati	*čitatъ	*čitalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čitanъ	*čitajemъ
Active	*čitavъ	*čitaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čitaxъ	*čita	*čita	*čitajǫ	*čitaješi	*čitajetь
Dual	*čitaxově	*čitasta	*čitaste	*čitajevě	*čitajeta	*čitajete
Plural	*čitaxomъ	*čitaste	*čitašę	*čitajemъ	*čitajete	*čitajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čitaaxъ	*čitaaše	*čitaaše	—	*čitaji	*čitaji
Dual	*čitaaxově	*čitaašeta	*čitaašete	*čitajivě	*čitajita	—
Plural	*čitaaxomъ	*čitaašete	*čitaaxǫ	*čitajimъ	*čitajite	—

Derived terms

• *počitati (“to honour”)
• *začitati (“to accept, to respect”)
• *sъčitati (“to regard, to consider”)
• *jьzčitati (“to read over”)
• *perčitati (“to re-read”)
• *čitateľь (“reader”)
• *čitařь (“professional reader”)
• *čitadlo (“reading instrument”)
• *čitаlъkа (“reading room”)
• *čitаlišče (“lyceum”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: читати (čitati)
    • Belarusian: чыта́ць (čytácʹ)
    • Russian: чита́ть (čitátʹ)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: чітати (čitaty)
    • Ukrainian: чита́ти (čytáty)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: читати (čitati)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: [Term?], -читам (-čitam)
  • Macedonian: чи́та (číta)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: чѝтати

    Latin script: čìtati

  • Slovene: čítati, čȋtati (tonal orthography)

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: čítat
  • Kashubian: czëtac
  • Polish: czytać
  • Slovak: čítať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: cytaś
    • Upper Sorbian: čitać

• Romanian: citi

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чита́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress