čitati

See also: citati

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čitati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt-. Common Balto-Slavic, compare Lithuanian skaitýti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃǐtati/
• Hyphenation: či‧ta‧ti

Verb

čìtati impf (Cyrillic spelling чѝтати)

1. (ambitransitive) to read

Conjugation

Conjugation of čitati

infinitive		čitati
present verbal adverb		čìtajūći
past verbal adverb		—
verbal noun		čìtānje
		singular			plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present		čitam	čitaš	čita	čitamo	čitate	čitaju
future	future I	čitat ću1 čitaću	čitat ćeš1 čitaćeš	čitat će1 čitaće	čitat ćemo1 čitaćemo	čitat ćete1 čitaćete	čitat ćē1 čitaće
	future II	bȕdēm čitao2	bȕdēš čitao2	bȕdē čitao2	bȕdēmo čitali2	bȕdēte čitali2	bȕdū čitali2
past	perfect	čitao sam2	čitao si2	čitao je2	čitali smo2	čitali ste2	čitali su2
	pluperfect3	bȉo sam čitao2	bȉo si čitao2	bȉo je čitao2	bíli smo čitali2	bíli ste čitali2	bíli su čitali2
	imperfect	čitah	čitaše	čitaše	čitasmo	čitaste	čitahu
conditional	conditional I	čitao bih2	čitao bi2	čitao bi2	čitali bismo2	čitali biste2	čitali bi2
	conditional II4	bȉo bih čitao2	bȉo bi čitao2	bȉo bi čitao2	bíli bismo čitali2	bíli biste čitali2	bíli bi čitali2
imperative		—	čitaj	—	čitajmo	čitajte	—
active past participle		čitao m / čitala f / čitalo n			čitali m / čitale f / čitala n
passive past participle		čitan m / čitana f / čitano n			čitani m / čitane f / čitana n

¹   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
²   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
³   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
⁴   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Synonyms

• (Croatia) čtiti, štiti

Derived terms

• dočìtati
• iščìtati
• načìtati
• očìtati
• odčìtati
• pročìtati
• učìtati
• začìtati

Related terms

• čitak
• čitko
• čitljiv

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *čitati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃìːtati/, /t͡ʃíːtati/

Verb

čītati impf

1. (transitive) to read

   Synonym: bráti

Conjugation

Class V, accentual type I (accent is not directly before the endings), imperfective:

Infinitive čītati (a-ti), l-participle čītał

long infinitive1		čītati
short infinitive2		čītat
supine		čītat
1 Usually only written, except in very formal contexts 2 In spoken formal language, colloquial
l-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	čītał	čītala	čītalȍ
dual	čītalȁ	čītalȉ	čītalȉ
plural	čītalȉ	čītalȅ	čītalȁ
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	čītan	čītana	čītano
dual	čītana	čītani	čītani
plural	čītani	čītane	čītana
š-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	–	–	–
dual	–	–	–
plural	–	–	–
adverbial š-participle		čitȃvši
true gerund		čītanje
objectified gerund		čītanje

Present stem čītam (a-m)

present indicative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	čītam	čītava, čītama	čītamo
2nd person	čītaš	čītata, čītasta	čītate, čītaste
3rd person	čīta	čītata, čītasta	čītajo
imperative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	čītaj	čītajva, čītajma	čītajmo
2nd person	čītaj	čītajta	čītajte
3rd person	čītaj	čītajta	–
č-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	čitajọ̄č, čitajȍč	čitajọ́ča	čitajọ́če
dual	čitajọ́ča	čitajọ́či	čitajọ́či
plural	čitajọ́či	čitajọ́če	čitajọ́ča
adverbial participles
č-participle		čitajọ̄č
e-participle		čitȃje

Derived terms

• prečītati
• očītati
• odčītati
• začītati

Further reading

• “čitati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “čitati”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references