Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).

The PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.

Verb

*ě̀sti

1. (transitive, intransitive) to eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ěsti (athematic)

infinitive	*ěsti
supine	*ěstъ
verbal noun	*ědenьje
participles	present	past
active	*ědy	*ědъ
passive	*ědomъ	*ědenъ
resultative	—	*ělъ
	present	imperative
1st singular	*ěmь	—
2nd singular	*ěsi	*ěďь
3rd singular	*ěstь	*ěďь
1st dual	*ěvě	*ědivě
2nd dual	*ěsta	*ědita
3rd dual	*ěste	—
1st plural	*ěmъ	*ědimъ
2nd plural	*ěste	*ědite
3rd plural	*ědętь	—
	imperfect	aorist
1st singular	*ěděaxъ	*ěsъ
2nd singular	*ěděaše	*ěstъ, *ě
3rd singular	*ěděaše	*ěstъ, *ě
1st dual	*ěděaxově	*ěsově
2nd dual	*ěděašeta	*ěsta
3rd dual	*ěděašete	*ěste
1st plural	*ěděaxomъ	*ěsomъ
2nd plural	*ěděašete	*ěste
3rd plural	*ěděaxǫ	*ěsę

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: е́сці (jésci) / е́сьці (jésʹci) (Taraškievica orthography)
  • Russian: есть (jestʹ)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)
  • Ukrainian: ї́сти (jísty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: ꙗсти (jasti)

    Glagolitic: ⱑⱄⱅⰹ (ěsti)

  • Bulgarian: ям (jam)
  • Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: је̏сти

    Latin script: jȅsti

  • Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: jíst
  • Polish: jeść
  • Slovak: jesť
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jěsć
    • Upper Sorbian: jěsć