jesti

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• jisti (Chakavian, Ikavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jêsti/
• Hyphenation: je‧sti

Verb

jȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling је̏сти, perfective pòjesti)

1. (ambitransitive) to eat, consume

Conjugation

Conjugation of jesti

infinitive		jesti
present verbal adverb		jȅdūći
past verbal adverb		jȅdāvši
verbal noun		jȅdēnje
		singular			plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present		jedem	jedeš	jede	jedemo	jedete	jedu
future	future I	jest ću1 ješću	jest ćeš1 ješćeš	jest će1 ješće	jest ćemo1 ješćemo	jest ćete1 ješćete	jest ćē1 ješće
	future II	bȕdēm jeo2	bȕdēš jeo2	bȕdē jeo2	bȕdēmo jeli2	bȕdēte jeli2	bȕdū jeli2
past	perfect	jeo sam2	jeo si2	jeo je2	jeli smo2	jeli ste2	jeli su2
	pluperfect3	bȉo sam jeo2	bȉo si jeo2	bȉo je jeo2	bíli smo jeli2	bíli ste jeli2	bíli su jeli2
	aorist	jedoh	jede	jede	jedosmo	jedoste	jedoše
	imperfect	jedijah / jeđah	jedijaše / jeđaše	jedijaše / jeđaše	jedijasmo / jeđasmo	jedijaste / jeđaste	jedijahu / jeđahu
conditional	conditional I	jeo bih2	jeo bi2	jeo bi2	jeli bismo2	jeli biste2	jeli bi2
	conditional II4	bȉo bih jeo2	bȉo bi jeo2	bȉo bi jeo2	bíli bismo jeli2	bíli biste jeli2	bíli bi jeli2
imperative		—	jedi	—	jedimo	jedite	—
active past participle		jeo m / jela f / jelo n			jeli m / jele f / jela n
passive past participle		jeden m / jedena f / jedeno n			jedeni m / jedene f / jedena n

¹   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
²   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
³   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
⁴   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• ìzjesti
• nàjesti
• pròjesti
• ùjesti

Further reading

• “jesti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jȅsti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[1] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 622

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti. First attested in the 16th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jèːsti/

Verb

jẹ́sti impf

1. to eat

Conjugation

Athematic
infinitive	jẹ́sti
1st singular	jẹ́m
infinitive	jẹ́sti			jẹ̑st, jȅst
supine	jẹ̑st
verbal noun	jẹ́denje
	participle			converb
present	jedọ̄č			—
past	—			—
l-participle	masculine		feminine		neuter
singular	jẹ̑dəł		jẹ́dla		jẹ́dlo
dual	jẹ́dla		jẹ́dli		jẹ́dli
plural	jẹ́dli		jẹ́dle		jẹ́dla
	present			imperative
1st singular	jẹ́m			—
2nd singular	jẹ́š			jȅj, jẹ̑j
3rd singular	jẹ́			—
1st dual	jẹ́va			jẹ̑jva
2nd dual	jẹ́sta			jẹ̑jta
3rd dual	jẹ́sta			—
1st plural	jẹ́mo			jẹ̑jmo
2nd plural	jẹ́ste			jẹ̑jte
3rd plural	jedọ́, jéjo			—

Derived terms

• najẹ́sti
• pojẹ́sti
• razjẹ́sti

Further reading

• “jesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “jesti”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references
• Maks Pleteršnik, editor (1894), “jẹ́sti”, in Slovensko-nemški slovar (in Slovene), volume 1, Ljubljana: Knezoškofijstvo, page 367