Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zemľa
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
With epenthetic */l/ from earlier *zemja, from *zemь + *-ja, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰðʰem- (given as *dʰǵʰ-em- in Derksen), the thorn-variant accusative singular of *dʰéǵʰōm.
Cognate with Lithuanian žẽmė (“earth”), Latvian zeme (“earth”), Old Prussian semmē (“earth”), Lithuanian žẽmas (“low”), Latvian zems (“low”), Avestan 𐬰𐬃 (zā̊, “earth”), (acc. 𐬰𐬆𐬨 (zəm)), Sanskrit क्ष (kṣá, “earth”), Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn, “earth”), Hittite [script needed] (tēkan, “earth”) (gen. [script needed] (taknas)), Latin humus (“ground”), Ancient Greek χαμαί (khamaí, “on the ground”).
Noun
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *zemľà | *zèmľi | *zemľę̇̀ |
genitive | *zemľę̇̀ | *zemľù | *zèmľь |
dative | *zemľì | *zemľàma | *zemľàmъ |
accusative | *zemľǫ̀ | *zèmľi | *zemľę̇̀ |
instrumental | *zemľèjǫ, *zèmľǫ** | *zemľàma | *zemľàmī |
locative | *zemľì | *zemľù | *zemľàsъ, *zemľàxъ* |
vocative | *zemľe | *zèmľi | *zemľę̇̀ |
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *zemľà | *zȅmľi | *zȅmľę̇ |
genitive | *zemľę̇́ | *zemľù | *zèmľь |
dative | *zemľì | *zemľàma | *zemľàmъ |
accusative | *zȅmľǫ | *zȅmľi | *zȅmľę̇ |
instrumental | *zemľejǫ́ | *zemľàma | *zemľàmi |
locative | *zȅmľī | *zemľù | *zemľàsъ, *zemľàxъ* |
vocative | *zemľe | *zȅmľi | *zȅmľę̇ |
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: земя́ (zemjá)
- Macedonian: земја (zemja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Chakavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Vrgada" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: zemļȁ
- Chakavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Orbanići" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: zemljȁ
- Chakavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Novi" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: zemljȁ
- Kajkavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Bednja" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: zāmljȍ
- Slavomolisano: zemblja
- Slovene: zémlja (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- The template Template:R:ru:Chernykh does not use the parameter(s):
page=323
vol=1 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “земля́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “земля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zemļà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 542: “f. jā (b/c) ‘earth, land’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “zemja zemjě”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 93, 142; SA 71, 84, 140, 188, 199); b/c (PR 138) land, earth”
- Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ja
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic feminine nouns
- Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b
- Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c