Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hē₂r

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hiar

Etymology

From *hiz (“this”) +‎ *-r (“locative suffix”). There is compensatory lengthening of the vowel after loss of /z/ before /r/ by rhotacism, but the origin of the e₂-vowel is not known.

Dunkel tentatively derives from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéh₁ (“in this way; here, there”, whence Aeolic Greek κῆ (kê, “there”)) + *-r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xeːr/

Adverb

*hē₂r

1. (demonstrative) here, in this place

Related terms

• *þar
• *hwar

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hēr
  • Old English: hēr, ᚻᛖᚱ (her) — Franks Casket
    • Middle English: her, here, heer
      • English: here
      • Scots: her, here
  • Old Frisian: hīr
    • Saterland Frisian: hier
    • West Frisian: hjir
  • Old Saxon: hēr, hīr
    • Middle Low German: hêr, hîr, hîre
      • Low German: hier
      • Plautdietsch: hia, häa
  • Old Dutch: hiera, hier
    • Middle Dutch: hier
      • Dutch: hier, her
        • Afrikaans: hier
      • Limburgish: hier; hie, heej (influenced by High German)
  • Old High German: hie, hier
    • Middle High German: hie
      • Alemannic German: hie
      • Bavarian: hia

        Cimbrian: hia

      • Central Franconian: hee, hie
      • German: hie
      • Luxembourgish: hei
    • Middle High German: hier
      • German: hier
  • Old High German: hera
    • Middle High German: her
      • German: her, her-
• Old Norse: hér
  • Icelandic: hér
  • Faroese: her
  • Norwegian: her
  • Old Swedish: hær, hiær
    • Swedish: här, (dialectal) héer, hera
  • Old Danish: hær
    • Danish: her
  • Elfdalian: jär
  • Gutnish: hjär, hjä
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌴𐍂 (hēr)