Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”) (though Kroonen reconstructs the verb as *skerH-, which appears to be an extension).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈske.rɑ.nɑ̃/
• Rhymes: -e.rɑ.nɑ̃

Verb

*skeraną

1. to shear

Inflection

Conjugation of *skeraną (strong class 4)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skerō	*skeraų	—		*skerai	?
2nd singular	*skirizi	*skeraiz	*sker		*skerazai	*skeraizau
3rd singular	*skiridi	*skerai	*skeradau		*skeradai	*skeraidau
1st dual	*skerōz	*skeraiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*skeradiz	*skeraidiz	*skeradiz		—	—
1st plural	*skeramaz	*skeraim	—		*skerandai	*skeraindau
2nd plural	*skirid	*skeraid	*skirid		*skerandai	*skeraindau
3rd plural	*skerandi	*skerain	*skerandau		*skerandai	*skeraindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skar	*skērį̄
2nd singular	*skart	*skērīz
3rd singular	*skar	*skērī
1st dual	*skērū	*skērīw
2nd dual	*skērudiz	*skērīdiz
1st plural	*skērum	*skērīm
2nd plural	*skērud	*skērīd
3rd plural	*skērun	*skērīn
	present	past
participles	*skerandz	*skuranaz

Derived terms

• *skarō
• *skērą
• *skēriz
• *skurdiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skeran
  • Old English: sċieran, sċeran, sċeoran, sċiran, sċyran
    • Middle English: scheren, schæren, schere, scheryn, shere, sheren, ssere
      • English: shear
      • Scots: shear
      • Yola: shaure (preterite)
  • Old Frisian: skera
    • Saterland Frisian: schääre, skääre
    • West Frisian: skarre
  • Old Saxon: skeran, sceran
    • Middle Low German: scheren
      • Low German: scheren
  • Old Dutch: skeran
    • Middle Dutch: schēren
      • Dutch: scheren
        • Afrikaans: skeer
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: skeri
        • Negerhollands: skeer
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: skler, scar
        • → Aukan: sikeli
        • → Sranan Tongo: sker
          • → Dutch: skeer
        • → West Frisian: skeare
      • Limburgish: sjaere
  • Old High German: skeran
    • Middle High German: schërn
      • German: scheren
      • Hunsrik: scheere
      • Luxembourgish: schieren
      • Yiddish: שערן (shern)
    • ⇒ Old High German: giskirri
      • Middle High German: geschirre
        • Alemannic German: Geschirr
        • Central Franconian:

          Hunsrik: Gescherr

          Luxembourgish: Geschier

        • German: Geschirr
        • → Polish: szory
          • → Russian: шоры (šory)
  • → Old French: escirer
    • ⇒ Old French: descirer
      • Middle French: deschirer
        • French: déchirer
• Old Norse: skera
  • Icelandic: skera
  • Faroese: skera
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skjera
  • Old Swedish: skæra, skiæra
    • Swedish: skära
  • Danish: skære
    • Norwegian Bokmål: skjære
• Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*skairan)
  • → Old Occitan:
    • Catalan: esquilar
    • Occitan: esquilar
  • → Old Spanish: esquirar
    • Spanish: esquilar
      • → Galician: esquiloar
      • → Portuguese: esquiar, esquilar
• → Proto-Finnic: *kerit'äk (see there for further descendants)