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Verbs

Germanic

Proto-Germanic

Conjugation of *kananą (preterite-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kán	*kanį̄	—	—	—
2nd singular	*kánt	*kanīz	—	—	—
3rd singular	*kán	*kanī	—	—	—
1st dual	*kanū	*kanīw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kanudiz	*kanīdiz	—	—	—
1st plural	*kanum	*kanīm	—	—	—
2nd plural	*kanud	*kanīd	—	—	—
3rd plural	*kanun	*kanīn	—	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kunǭ	*kunēdį̄
2nd singular	*kunēz	*kunēdīz
3rd singular	*kunē	*kunēdī
1st dual	*kunēdū	*kunēdīw
2nd dual	*kunēdudiz	*kunēdīdiz
1st plural	*kunēdum	*kunēdīm
2nd plural	*kunēdud	*kunēdīd
3rd plural	*kunēdun	*kunēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kanandz	*kunaz

Conjugation of *writaną (strong)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*writō	*writaų	—	*writai	?
2nd singular	*writizi	*writaiz	*writ	*writazai	*writaizau
3rd singular	*writidi	*writai	*writadau	*writadai	*writaidau
1st dual	*writōz	*writaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*writadiz	*writaidiz	*writadiz	—	—
1st plural	*writamaz	*writaim	—	*writandai	*writaindau
2nd plural	*writid	*writaid	*writid	*writandai	*writaindau
3rd plural	*writandi	*writain	*writandau	*writandai	*writaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wrot	*wretį̄
2nd singular	*wrost	*wretīz
3rd singular	*wrot	*wretī
1st dual	*wretū	*wretīw
2nd dual	*wretudiz	*wretīdiz
1st plural	*wretum	*wretīm
2nd plural	*wretud	*wretīd
3rd plural	*wretun	*wretīn
	present	past
participles	*writandz	*wratanaz

Conjugation of *vurkaną (weak suffixless)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkō	*vurkaų	—	*vurkai	?
2nd singular	*vurkizi	*vurkaiz	*vurk	*vurkazai	*vurkaizau
3rd singular	*vurkidi	*vurkai	*vurkadau	*vurkadai	*vurkaidau
1st dual	*vurkōz	*vurkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*vurkadiz	*vurkaidiz	*vurkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*vurkamaz	*vurkaim	—	*vurkandai	*vurkaindau
2nd plural	*vurkid	*vurkaid	*vurkid	*vurkandai	*vurkaindau
3rd plural	*vurkandi	*vurkain	*vurkandau	*vurkandai	*vurkaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkdǭ	*vurkdēdį̄
2nd singular	*vurkdēz	*vurkdēdīz
3rd singular	*vurkdē	*vurkdēdī
1st dual	*vurkdēdū	*vurkdēdīw
2nd dual	*vurkdēdudiz	*vurkdēdīdiz
1st plural	*vurkdēdum	*vurkdēdīm
2nd plural	*vurkdēdud	*vurkdēdīd
3rd plural	*vurkdēdun	*vurkdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*vurkandz	*vurkdaz

Conjugation of *vurkjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkjō	*vurkjaų	—	*vurkjai	?
2nd singular	*vurkisi	*vurkjais	*vurki	*vurkjasai	*vurkjaisau
3rd singular	*vurkiþi	*vurkjai	*vurkjaþau	*vurkjaþai	*vurkjaiþau
1st dual	*vurkjōs	*vurkjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*vurkjaþiz	*vurkjaiþiz	*vurkjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*vurkjamaz	*vurkjaim	—	*vurkjanþai	*vurkjainþau
2nd plural	*vurkiþ	*vurkjaiþ	*vurkiþ	*vurkjanþai	*vurkjainþau
3rd plural	*vurkjanþi	*vurkjain	*vurkjanþau	*vurkjanþai	*vurkjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkidǭ	*vurkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*vurkidēz	*vurkidēdīz
3rd singular	*vurkidē	*vurkidēdī
1st dual	*vurkidēdū	*vurkidēdīw
2nd dual	*vurkidēdudiz	*vurkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*vurkidēdum	*vurkidēdīm
2nd plural	*vurkidēdud	*vurkidēdīd
3rd plural	*vurkidēdun	*vurkidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*vurkjandz	*vurkidaz

Conjugation of *vurkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkō	*vurkǭ	—	*vurkōi	?
2nd singular	*vurkōsi	*vurkōs	*vurkō	*vurkōsai	*vurkōsau
3rd singular	*vurkōþi	*vurkō	*vurkōþau	*vurkōþai	*vurkōþau
1st dual	*vurkōs	*vurkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*vurkōþiz	*vurkōþiz	*vurkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*vurkōmaz	*vurkōm	—	*vurkōnþai	*vurkōnþau
2nd plural	*vurkōþ	*vurkōþ	*vurkōþ	*vurkōnþai	*vurkōnþau
3rd plural	*vurkōnþi	*vurkōn	*vurkōnþau	*vurkōnþai	*vurkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkōdǭ	*vurkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*vurkōdēz	*vurkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*vurkōdē	*vurkōdēdī
1st dual	*vurkōdēdū	*vurkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*vurkōdēdudiz	*vurkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*vurkōdēdum	*vurkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*vurkōdēdud	*vurkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*vurkōdēdun	*vurkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*vurkōndz	*vurkōdaz

Conjugation of *vurkāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*vurkaisi	?	*vurkai	*vurkāsai	?
3rd singular	*vurkaiþi	?	*vurkāþau	*vurkāþai	?
1st dual	*vurkōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*vurkāþiz	?	*vurkāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*vurkāmaz	?	—	*vurkānþai	?
2nd plural	*vurkaiþ	?	*vurkaiþ	*vurkānþai	?
3rd plural	*vurkānþi	?	*vurkānþau	*vurkānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkadǭ	*vurkadēdį̄
2nd singular	*vurkadēz	*vurkadēdīz
3rd singular	*vurkadē	*vurkadēdī
1st dual	*vurkadēdū	*vurkadēdīw
2nd dual	*vurkadēdudiz	*vurkadēdīdiz
1st plural	*vurkadēdum	*vurkadēdīm
2nd plural	*vurkadēdud	*vurkadēdīd
3rd plural	*vurkadēdun	*vurkadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*vurkāndz	*vurkadaz

Conjugation of *vurkjaną (weak class 3 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkjō	*vurkjaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*vurkaisi	*vurkjais	*vurkai	—	—
3rd singular	*vurkaiþi	*vurkjai	*vurkjaþau	—	—
1st dual	*vurkjōs	*vurkjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*vurkjaþiz	*vurkjaiþiz	*vurkjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*vurkjamaz	*vurkjaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*vurkaiþ	*vurkjaiþ	*vurkaiþ	—	—
3rd plural	*vurkjanþi	*vurkjain	*vurkjanþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkdǭ	*vurkdēdį̄
2nd singular	*vurkdēz	*vurkdēdīz
3rd singular	*vurkdē	*vurkdēdī
1st dual	*vurkdēdū	*vurkdēdīw
2nd dual	*vurkdēdudiz	*vurkdēdīdiz
1st plural	*vurkdēdum	*vurkdēdīm
2nd plural	*vurkdēdud	*vurkdēdīd
3rd plural	*vurkdēdun	*vurkdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*vurkjandz	*vurkdaz

Conjugation of *vurkaną (weak class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkō	*vurkaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*vurkōsi	*vurkais	*vurkō	—	—
3rd singular	*vurkōþi	*vurkai	*vurkōþau	—	—
1st dual	*vurkōs	*vurkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*vurkaþiz	*vurkaiþiz	*vurkaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*vurkamaz	*vurkaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*vurkaþ	*vurkaiþ	*vurkaþ	—	—
3rd plural	*vurkanþi	*vurkain	*vurkanþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*vurkōdǭ	*vurkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*vurkōdēz	*vurkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*vurkōdē	*vurkōdēdī
1st dual	*vurkōdēdū	*vurkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*vurkōdēdudiz	*vurkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*vurkōdēdum	*vurkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*vurkōdēdud	*vurkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*vurkōdēdun	*vurkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*vurkandz	—

Gothic

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽 vurkōn
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉 vurkō	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰 vurkōda	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰 vurkōda
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍃 vurkōs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 vurkōdēs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌶𐌰 vurkōza
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌸 vurkōþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰 vurkōda	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰 vurkōda
1st dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍃 vurkōs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 vurkōdēdu	—
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍄𐍃 vurkōts	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 vurkōdēduts	—
1st plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌼 vurkōm	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 vurkōdēdum	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 vurkōnda
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌸 vurkōþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 vurkōdēduþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 vurkōnda
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳 vurkōnd	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 vurkōdēdun	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 vurkōnda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉 vurkō	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 vurkōdēdjau	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōdau
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍃 vurkōs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 vurkōdēdeis	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌿 vurkōzau
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉 vurkō	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 vurkōdēdi	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōdau
1st dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍅𐌰 vurkōwa	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 vurkōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍄𐍃 vurkōts	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 vurkōdēdeits	—
1st plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌼𐌰 vurkōma	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 vurkōdēdeima	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōndau
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌸 vurkōþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 vurkōdēdeiþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōndau
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌰 vurkōna	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 vurkōdēdeina	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōndau
Imperative
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉 vurkō
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōdau
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍄𐍃 vurkōts
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌸 vurkōþ
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkōndau
	Present	Past
Participles	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 vurkōnds	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐌸𐍃 vurkōþs

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽 vurkān
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰 vurka	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 vurkaida	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 vurkāda
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃 vurkais	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 vurkaidēs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌶𐌰 vurkāza
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 vurkaiþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 vurkaida	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 vurkāda
1st dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐍉𐍃 vurkōs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 vurkaidēdu	—
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 vurkāts	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 vurkaidēduts	—
1st plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌼 vurkām	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 vurkaidēdum	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 vurkānda
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 vurkaiþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 vurkaidēduþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 vurkānda
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳 vurkānd	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 vurkaidēdun	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 vurkānda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌿 vurkau	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 vurkaidēdjau	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkaidau
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃 vurkais	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 vurkaidēdeis	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 vurkaizau
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹 vurkai	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 vurkaidēdi	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkaidau
1st dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 vurkaiwa	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 vurkaidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 vurkaits	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 vurkaidēdeits	—
1st plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 vurkaima	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 vurkaidēdeima	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkaindau
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 vurkaiþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 vurkaidēdeiþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkaindau
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 vurkaina	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 vurkaidēdeina	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹 vurkai
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkādau
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 vurkāts
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 vurkaiþ
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurkāndau
	Present	Past
Participles	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 vurkānds	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 vurkaiþs

Class 4 weak
Infinitive	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 vurknan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰 vurkna	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 vurknōda	—
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌹𐍃 vurknis	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 vurknōdēs	—
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌸 vurkniþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 vurknōda	—
1st dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐍃 vurknōs	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 vurknōdēdu	—
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 vurknats	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 vurknōdēduts	—
1st plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌼 vurknam	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 vurknōdēdum	—
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌸 vurkniþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 vurknōdēduþ	—
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 vurknand	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 vurknōdēdun	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌿 vurknau	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 vurknōdēdjau	—
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 vurknais	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 vurknōdēdeis	—
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹 vurknai	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 vurknōdēdi	—
1st dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 vurknaiwa	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 vurknōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 vurknaits	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 vurknōdēdeits	—
1st plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 vurknaima	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 vurknōdēdeima	—
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 vurknaiþ	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 vurknōdēdeiþ	—
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 vurknaina	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 vurknōdēdeina	—
Imperative
2nd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽 vurkn
3rd singular	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurknadau
2nd dual	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 vurknats
2nd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌸 vurkniþ
3rd plural	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 vurknandau
	Present	Past
Participles	v𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 vurknands	—

Celtic

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	talaf	tali	tal, tala	talwn	talwch	talant	talir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	talwn	talit	talai	talem	talech	talent	talid
preterite	talais	talaist	talodd	talasom	talasoch	talasant	talwyd
pluperfect	talaswn	talasit	talasai	talasem	talasech	talasent	talasid, talesid
present subjunctive	talwyf	talych	talo	talom	taloch	talont	taler
imperative	—	tal, tala	taled	talwn	talwch	talent	taler
verbal noun	Calisthenis/sandbox
verbal adjectives	taledig taladwy

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	taliaf	tali	tali, talia	taliwn	taliwch	taliant	talir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	taliwn	talit	taliai	taliem	taliech	talient	talid
preterite	taliais	taliaist	taliodd	taliasom	taliasoch	taliasant	taliwyd
pluperfect	taliaswn	taliasit	taliasai	taliasem	taliasech	taliasent	taliasid, taliesid
present subjunctive	taliwyf	taliech	talio	taliom	talioch	taliont	talier
imperative	—	tali, talia	talied	taliwn	taliwch	talient	talier
verbal noun	Calisthenis/sandbox
verbal adjectives	taliedig taliadwy

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	talaf	tali	tal, tala	taln	talch	talant	talir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	taln	talit	talai	talem	talech	talent	talid
preterite	talais	talaist	talodd	talsom	talsoch	talsant	talyd
pluperfect	talswn	talsit	talsai	talsem	talsech	talsent	talsid
present subjunctive	talyf	talych	talo	talom	taloch	talont	taler
imperative	—	tal, tala	taled	taln	talch	talent	taler
verbal noun	Calisthenis/sandbox
verbal adjectives	taledig taladwy

conjugation of Calisthenis/sandbox (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	cáithim	cáitheann tú; cáithir†	cáitheann sé, sí	cáithimid	cáitheann sibh	cáitheann siad; cáithid†	a cháitheann; a cháitheas / a gcáitheann*; a gcáitheas*	cáitear
	past	cháith mé; cháitheas	cháith tú; cháithis	cháith sé, sí	cháitheamar; cháith muid	cháith sibh; cháitheabhair	cháith siad; cháitheadar	a cháith / ar cháith*	cáitheadh
	past habitual	cháithinn / gcáithinn‡‡	cháiteá / gcáiteᇇ	cháitheadh sé, sí / gcáitheadh sé, s퇇	cháithimis; cháitheadh muid / gcáithimis‡‡; gcáitheadh muid‡‡	cháitheadh sibh / gcáitheadh sibh‡‡	cháithidís; cháitheadh siad / gcáithidís‡‡; gcáitheadh siad‡‡	a cháitheadh / a gcáitheadh*	cháití / gcáit퇇
future		cáithfidh mé; cáithfead	cáithfidh tú; cáithfir†	cáithfidh sé, sí	cáithfimid; cáithfidh muid	cáithfidh sibh	cáithfidh siad; cáithfid†	a cháithfidh; a cháithfeas / a gcáithfidh*; a gcáithfeas*	cáithfear
conditional		cháithfinn / gcáithfinn‡‡	cháithfeá / gcáithfeᇇ	cháithfeadh sé, sí / gcáithfeadh sé, s퇇	cháithfimis; cháithfeadh muid / gcáithfimis‡‡; gcáithfeadh muid‡‡	cháithfeadh sibh / gcáithfeadh sibh‡‡	cháithfidís; cháithfeadh siad / gcáithfidís‡‡; gcáithfeadh siad‡‡	a cháithfeadh / a gcáithfeadh*	cháithfí / gcáithf퇇
subjunctive	present	go gcáithe mé; go gcáithead†	go gcáithe tú; go gcáithir†	go gcáithe sé, sí	go gcáithimid; go gcáithe muid	go gcáithe sibh	go gcáithe siad; go gcáithid†	—	go gcáitear
	past	dá gcáithinn	dá gcáiteá	dá gcáitheadh sé, sí	dá gcáithimis; dá gcáitheadh muid	dá gcáitheadh sibh	dá gcáithidís; dá gcáitheadh siad	—	dá gcáití
imperative		cáithim	cáith	cáitheadh sé, sí	cáithimis	cáithigí; cáithidh†	cáithidís	—	cáitear
verbal noun		cáitheadh
past participle		cáite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

conjugation of Calisthenis/sandbox (second conjugation)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	liáthaím	liáthaíonn tú; liáthaír†	liáthaíonn sé, sí	liáthaímid; liáthaíonn muid	liáthaíonn sibh	liáthaíonn siad; liáthaíd†	a liáthaíonn; a liáthaíos	liáthaítear
	past	liáth mé; liáthaíos	liáth tú; liáthaís	liáth sé, sí	liáthaíomar; liáth muid	liáth sibh; liáthaíobhair	liáth siad; liáthaíodar	a liáth / ar liáth*	liáthaíodh
	past habitual	liáthaínn	liáthaíteá	liáthaíodh sé, sí	liáthaímis; liáthaíodh muid	liáthaíodh sibh	liáthaídís; liáthaíodh siad	a liáthaíodh / a liáthaíodh*	liáthaítí
future		liáthóidh mé; liáthód; liáthóchaidh mé†	liáthóidh tú; liáthóir†; liáthóchaidh tú†	liáthóidh sé, sí; liáthóchaidh sé, sí†	liáthóimid; liáthóidh muid; liáthóchaimid†; liáthóchaidh muid†	liáthóidh sibh; liáthóchaidh sibh†	liáthóidh siad; liáthóid†; liáthóchaidh siad†	a liáthóidh; a liáthós; a liáthóchaidh†; a liáthóchas†	liáthófar; liáthóchar†
conditional		liáthóinn; liáthóchainn†	liáthófá; liáthóchthá†	liáthódh sé, sí; liáthóchadh sé, sí†	liáthóimis; liáthódh muid; liáthóchaimis†; liáthóchadh muid†	liáthódh sibh; liáthóchadh sibh†	liáthóidís; liáthódh siad; liáthóchadh siad†	a liáthódh; a liáthóchadh† / a liáthódh*; a liáthóchadh*†	liáthófaí; liáthóchthaí†
subjunctive	present	go liáthaí mé; go liáthaíod†	go liáthaí tú; go liáthaír†	go liáthaí sé, sí	go liáthaímid; go liáthaí muid	go liáthaí sibh	go liáthaí siad; go liáthaíd†	—	go liáthaítear
	past	dá liáthaínn	dá liáthaíteá	dá liáthaíodh sé, sí	dá liáthaímis; dá liáthaíodh muid	dá liáthaíodh sibh	dá liáthaídís; dá liáthaíodh siad	—	dá liáthaítí
imperative		liáthaím	liáth	liáthaíodh sé, sí	liáthaímis	liáthaígí; liáthaídh†	liáthaídís	—	liáthaítear
verbal noun		liáthú
past participle		liáthaithe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form

Latin

Template:la-conj-1st
Template:la-conj-2nd
Template:la-conj-3rd
Template:la-conj-4th

Nouns

Germanic

declension of Calisthenis/sandbox

	singular	plural
nominative	ćauck	ćayckja
accusative	ćaucken	ćayckjās
genitive	ćayckis	ćauckōn
dative	ćauckai	ćauckum
instrumental	ćauckā	ćayckjum

Declension of ćauck

	Singular	Plural
nominative	chauck	chaickja
accusative	chauckan	chaickjās
genitive	chaickis	chauckōn
dative	chauckai	chauckum
instrumental	chauckā	chaickjum

Declension of chauck

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	chauck	chaickja
Accusative	chauckan	chaickjās
Genitive	chaickis	chauckōn
Dative	chauckai	chauckum
Instrumental	chauckā	chaickjum

Declension of luos

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	lujos	lujous	lujoi
Accusative	lujon	lujoun	lujōs
Dative	lujui	luj	luj
Genitive	lujois	luj	lujuran
Locative
Allative
Ablative
Instrumental	{{{6}}}	{{{12}}}

Proto-Celtic

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cyános	*cyánou	*cyánoi
vocative	*cyáne	*cyánou	*cyánūs
accusative	*cyánom	*cyánou	*cyánoms
genitive	*cyánī	*cyánous	*cyánom
dative	*cyánūi	*cyánobom	*cyánobos
locative	*cyánei	*?	*?
instrumental	*cyánū	*cyánobim	*cyánūis

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cyánā	*cyánai	*cyánās
vocative	*cyánā	*cyánai	*cyánās
accusative	*cyánam	*cyánai	*cyánāms
genitive	*cyánās	*cyánous	*cyánom
dative	*cyánāi	*cyánābom	*cyánābos
locative	*cyánai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*cyánābim	*cyánābis

Masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cyánis	*cyánī	*cyánīs
vocative	*cyáni	*cyánī	*cyánīs
accusative	*cyánim	*cyánī	*cyánims
genitive	*cyáneis	*cyányow	*cyányom
dative	*cyánei	*cyánibom	*cyánibos
locative	*cyánei	*?	*?
instrumental	*cyánī	*cyánibim	*cyánibis

New

Nouns

Strong -a stem

Declension of chauck

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	chauck	chaickja
Accusative	chauckan	chaickjās
Genitive	chaickis	chauckōn
Dative	chauckai	chauckum
Instrumental	chauckā	chaickjum

Strong -e/i stem

Declension of mali

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	mali	meljēs
Accusative	malin	meljēs
Genitive	malis	meljōn
Dative	maleī	meljum
Instrumental	malī	meljam

Strong -o stem

Declension of gevu

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gevu	gevōs
Accusative	gevon	gevōs
Genitive	gevīs	givjōn
Dative	gevoi	gevum
Instrumental	gevōa	givjōm

Strong -u stem

Declension of sunu

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sunu	sunūs
Accusative	sunun	sunūs
Genitive	sunaus	synjōn
Dative	sunuī	synjūm
Instrumental	sunūa	sunjaum

Weak infix-less stem

Declension of nama

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nama	naman
Accusative	namen	naman
Genitive	names	namōn
Dative	namī	namum
Instrumental	namā	namiam

Celtic

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cáth	cáth
Accusative	cáth	cáth
Genitive	cáth	cáth
Dative	cáth	cáth

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an cáth	na gáith
Accusative	an cáthan	na ngáitheas
Genitive	na cháithí	nan cháitheair
Dative	ain cáthaich	ani cáitheadh

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an càth	na gàith
Accusative	an càthan	na ngàitheas
Genitive	na chàithì	nan chàitheair
Dative	ain càthaich	ani càitheadh