abstenir
Catalan
[edit]Verb
[edit]abstenir
- only used in s'... abstenir, syntactic variant of abstenir-se, infinitive of abstenir-se
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French abstenir, borrowed from Latin abstinēre (with conjugation adapted to French tenir), from abs + teneō.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ap.stə.niʁ/
- Rhymes: -iʁ
Audio: (file) Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France): (file) Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
[edit]abstenir
- (pronominal) to abstain, to forbear[1]
Conjugation
[edit]This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start with one of these thematic vowels: -a-, -i-, -u-.
Conjugation of s'abstenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | s'abstenir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | s'abstenant /sap.stə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | abstenu /ap.stə.ny/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | m'abstiens /map.stjɛ̃/ |
t'abstiens /tap.stjɛ̃/ |
s'abstient /sap.stjɛ̃/ |
nous abstenons /nu.z‿ap.stə.nɔ̃/ |
vous abstenez /vu.z‿ap.stə.ne/ |
s'abstiennent /sap.stjɛn/ |
| imperfect | m'abstenais /map.stə.nɛ/ |
t'abstenais /tap.stə.nɛ/ |
s'abstenait /sap.stə.nɛ/ |
nous abstenions /nu.z‿ap.stə.njɔ̃/ |
vous absteniez /vu.z‿ap.stə.nje/ |
s'abstenaient /sap.stə.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | m'abstins /map.stɛ̃/ |
t'abstins /tap.stɛ̃/ |
s'abstint /sap.stɛ̃/ |
nous abstînmes /nu.z‿ap.stɛ̃m/ |
vous abstîntes /vu.z‿ap.stɛ̃t/ |
s'abstinrent /sap.stɛ̃ʁ/ | |
| future | m'abstiendrai /map.stjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
t'abstiendras /tap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
s'abstiendra /sap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
nous abstiendrons /nu.z‿ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
vous abstiendrez /vu.z‿ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
s'abstiendront /sap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | m'abstiendrais /map.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
t'abstiendrais /tap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
s'abstiendrait /sap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
nous abstiendrions /nu.z‿ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
vous abstiendriez /vu.z‿ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
s'abstiendraient /sap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | m'abstienne /map.stjɛn/ |
t'abstiennes /tap.stjɛn/ |
s'abstienne /sap.stjɛn/ |
nous abstenions /nu.z‿ap.stə.njɔ̃/ |
vous absteniez /vu.z‿ap.stə.nje/ |
s'abstiennent /sap.stjɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | m'abstinsse /map.stɛ̃s/ |
t'abstinsses /tap.stɛ̃s/ |
s'abstînt /sap.stɛ̃/ |
nous abstinssions /nu.z‿ap.stɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
vous abstinssiez /vu.z‿ap.stɛ̃.sje/ |
s'abstinssent /sap.stɛ̃s/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | abstiens-toi /ap.stjɛ̃.twa/ |
— | abstenons-nous /ap.stə.nɔ̃.nu/ |
abstenez-vous /ap.stə.ne.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Guy Miège, French-English Dictionary, 1688. "S'abstenir, to abstain, forbear or keep from. S'abstenir du vin & des femmes, to abstain from wine and women. Il ne put s'abstenir de la regarder, he could not forbear looking upon her."
Further reading
[edit]- “abstenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Anagrams
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin abstineō, abstinēre, with conjugation adapted to tenir.
Verb
[edit]abstenir
- to abstain from; to not participate in
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem abstien distinct from the unstressed stem absten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of abstenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | abstenir | avoir abstenu | |||||
| gerund | en abstenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | abstenant | ||||||
| past participle | abstenu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | abstieng, abstien | abstiens | abstient | abstenons | abstenez | abstienent |
| imperfect | abstenoie, absteneie | abstenoies, absteneies | abstenoit, absteneit | absteniiens, absteniens | absteniiez, absteniez | abstenoient, absteneient | |
| preterite | abstin | abstenis | abstint | abstenimes | abstenistes | abstindrent, abstinrent | |
| future | abstendrai | abstendras | abstendra | abstendrons | abstendroiz, abstendreiz, abstendrez | abstendront | |
| conditional | abstendroie, abstendreie | abstendroies, abstendreies | abstendroit, abstendreit | abstendriiens, abstendriens | abstendriiez, abstendriez | abstendroient, abstendreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | abstiegne | abstiegnes | abstiegne | abstiegniens, abstiegnons | abstiegniez | abstiegnent |
| imperfect | abstenisse | abstenisses | abstenist | abstenissons, abstenissiens | abstenissoiz, abstenissez, abstenissiez | abstenissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | abstien | — | abstenons | abstenez | — | ||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó
- French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/iʁ
- Rhymes:French/iʁ/3 syllables
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation tenir
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs
- Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms borrowed from Latin
- Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with stem alternations
- Old French verbs with strong-id preterite
- Old French third group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -ir
- Old French irregular verbs