berja

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse berja, from Proto-Germanic *barjaną (“to beat, to strike”).

Verb

berja (third person singular past indicative bardi, third person plural past indicative bardu, supine bart)

1. to beat

Conjugation

Conjugation of berja (group v-17)

infinitive	berja
supine	bart
	present	past
first singular	berji	bardi
second singular	berjir	bardi
third singular	berjir	bardi
plural	berja	bardu
participle (a7)1	berjandi	bardur
	imperative
singular	berj!
plural	berjið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

See also

• sláa
• banka
• buka

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛrja]

  Rhymes: -ɛrja

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berja, from Proto-Germanic *barjaną (“to beat, to strike”).

Verb

berja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative barði, supine barið)

1. to beat, to strike

   Synonyms: slá, lumbra, lemja

Conjugation

berja – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að berja
supine sagnbót		barið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		berjandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ber	barði		berji	berði
	þú	berð	barðir		berjir	berðir
	hann, hún, það	ber	barði		berji	berði
plural	við	berjum	börðum		berjum	berðum
	þið	berjið	börðuð		berjið	berðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	berja	börðu		berji	berðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ber (þú), berðu
plural	þið	berjið (þið), berjiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

berjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að berjast
supine sagnbót		barist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		berjandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	berst	barðist		berjist	berðist
	þú	berst	barðist		berjist	berðist
	hann, hún, það	berst	barðist		berjist	berðist
plural	við	berjumst	börðumst		berjumst	berðumst
	þið	berjist	börðust		berjist	berðust
	þeir, þær, þau	berjast	börðust		berjist	berðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	berst (þú), berstu
plural	þið	berist (þið), beristi1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

barinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	barinn	barin	barið	barðir	barðar	barin
accusative (þolfall)	barinn	barða	barið	barða	barðar	barin
dative (þágufall)	börðum	barinni	börðu	börðum	börðum	börðum
genitive (eignarfall)	barins	barinnar	barins	barinna	barinna	barinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	barði	barða	barða	börðu	börðu	börðu
accusative (þolfall)	barða	börðu	barða	börðu	börðu	börðu
dative (þágufall)	barða	börðu	barða	börðu	börðu	börðu
genitive (eignarfall)	barða	börðu	barða	börðu	börðu	börðu

Derived terms

• berja á (“to thrash”)
• berja í gegn (“to force through”)
• berja niður (“to suppress, to beat down”)
• berja saman (“to cobble together”)
• berja sér (“to gripe, to complain”)
• berjast (“to fight”)

Etymology 2

Inflected form of ber (“berry”).

Noun

berja n

1. indefinite genitive plural of ber

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• berje

Etymology

From Old Norse berja.

Verb

berja (present tense ber, past tense barde, past participle bart, passive infinitive berjast, present participle berjande, imperative ber)

1. (transitive) to beat
2. (transitive) to throw rocks at
3. (transitive) to thresh

Noun

berja f (definite singular berja, indefinite plural berjer or berjor, definite plural berjene or berjone)

1. definite singular of berje
2. (pre-2012) alternative form of berje

References

• “berja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *barjaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”).

Verb

berja (past indicative barði, past participle bariðr or barðr)

1. to beat
2. to fight

Conjugation

Conjugation of berja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	berja
present participle	berjandi
past participle	barðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ber	barða		berja	berða
2nd person singular	berr	barðir		berir	berðir
3rd person singular	berr	barði		beri	berði
1st person plural	berjum	bǫrðum		berim	berðim
2nd person plural	berið	bǫrðuð		berið	berðið
3rd person plural	berja	bǫrðu		beri	berði
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ber
1st person plural	berjum
2nd person plural	berið

Conjugation of berja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	berjask
present participle	berjandisk
past participle	berzk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	berjumk	bǫrðumk		berjumk	berðumk
2nd person singular	bersk	barðisk		berisk	berðisk
3rd person singular	bersk	barðisk		berisk	berðisk
1st person plural	berjumsk	bǫrðumsk		berimsk	berðimsk
2nd person plural	berizk	bǫrðuzk		berizk	berðizk
3rd person plural	berjask	bǫrðusk		berisk	berðisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	bersk
1st person plural	berjumsk
2nd person plural	berizk

Alternative forms

• ᛒᛆᚱᚦᛁ (barþi) — third singular past indicative – M 2
• ᛒᛅᚱᚦᚢᛋᚴ (barþusk) — mediopassive third plural past indicative – DR 66

Descendants

• Icelandic: berja
• Faroese: berja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: berja, berje
• Old Swedish: bæria
  • Swedish: bärja
• Old Danish: bærje
  • Danish: bære

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

berja

1. indefinite genitive plural of ber (“berry”)

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “berja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive