capstan

English

A capstan on a sailing vessel.

tape capstan

Alternative forms

• capstern (obsolete)
• capstorm (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed into Middle English from either Old French cabestan, from Old Occitan cabestan, from cabestre (“pulley cord”) or from Spanish cabestran, both of which derive from Latin capistrum (“halter”), from capiō (“take hold of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkæp.stən/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

capstan (plural capstans)

2. (especially nautical) A vertical cylindrical machine that revolves on a spindle, typically surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for levers for turning it; used to apply force to cables, ropes, etc.

   Hyponym: cathead

   to pawl the capstan ― to prevent the capstan from turning back

   to rig the capstan ― to prepare the capstan for use

   to surge the capstan ― to slack the tension of the rope or cable

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     "Man the capstan! Blood and thunder!—jump!"—was the next command, and the crew sprang for the handspikes.

   • 1951, W. I. B. Crealock, Vagabonding Under Sail, Hastings House (New York), page 211:

     We toiled over the capstan, and late in the afternoon slipped out of the harbour.

   • 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

     Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

4. (electronics) A rotating spindle used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a tape recorder.
6. (music) a screw on the rising side of a piano key, which serves the function of lifting the wippen when the key is depressed
   • (Can we date this quote?), Kawai‎^[1]:

     The upward force of the capstan causes the wippen to rise, thrusting the jack upward into another component called the “knuckle” that is fixed to one end of the hammer shank.

Derived terms

• capstan bar
• capstan effect
• capstanman
• capstan screw
• jeer capstan

Translations

cylindrical machine — see also winch

• Catalan: cabrestant (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 絞盤 / 绞盘 (zh) (jiǎopán)

• Danish: gangspil n, spil (da) n
• Dutch: kaapstander (nl) m
• Finnish: vintturi (fi), vorokki, käyntikela; ankkuripeli (fi) (anchor)
• French: cabestan (fr) m
• German: Spill n, Gangspill (de) n, (for anchor also) Ankerspill (de) n, Ankerwinde f, Winde (de) f, Rollenantrieb m, Capstan m
• Greek:

  Ancient Greek: ὁλκός m (holkós), ἀνέμη f (anémē)

• Hebrew: כַּנָּן (he) m (kanan)
• Hindi: हवीत (hi) (havīt), ढोल चर्ख़ी (ḍhol carxī), कैप्सटन (kaipsaṭan)
• Italian: cabestano (it) m
• Japanese: キャプスタン (kyapusutan)
• Korean: 캡스턴 (kaepseuteon)
• Latin: sucula f
• Māori: huritaura
• Norman: capeste m, vitheveau m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gangspill n, forhalingsvinsj m, capstan m

  Nynorsk: gangspel n, forhalingsvinsj m

• Polish: kabestan (pl) m
• Portuguese: cabrestante (pt) m
• Romanian: cabestan (ro) n
• Russian: кабеста́н (ru) m (kabestán), во́рот (ru) m (vórot), nautical шпиль (ru) m (špilʹ)
• Spanish: cabrestante (es) m, cabestrante m, argüe m (disused), argue (es) m (disused)
• Swedish: ankarbult c, ankarspel n, vindspel (sv) n, gångspel n
• Turkish:

  Ottoman Turkish: بوجرغات (bocurgat), چقرق (çıkrık), ارغات (ırgat)

• Ukrainian: кабеста́н (uk) m (kabestán)

part of a tape recorder

• Danish: kapstanaksel c
• Dutch: toonas m or f
• Finnish: vetoakseli (fi)
• French: cabestan (fr) m
• German: Capstan m, Bandantriebsrolle f, Tonwelle f, Antriebsrolle f
• Hindi: कैप्सटन (kaipsaṭan)
• Korean: 캡스턴 (kaepseuteon)
• Swedish: kapstan c, kapstanaxel c

See also

• hoist
• winch

Anagrams

• cat naps, cat-naps, catnaps