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ciems

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latvian

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 ciems on Latvian Wikipedia
Ciems (Dzelzāmurs, Latvijā)

Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeym- (village, home) (whence also saime (family, household), q.v.), from *ḱey-, *ḱoy- (to be located; camp; abode); the original meaning of ciems was thus “camp, encampment.” A parallel form *kaims (> kaimiņš (neighbor), q.v.) also existed. Since Proto-Indo-European *ḱ should yield Latvian > s, not c, it has been suggested that ciems and all its Baltic cognates descend from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (piece, quiet), or result from a borrowing, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (village); but there are rather many Baltic and Slavic words with irregular reflexes of *ḱ, which suggest dialectal differences or parallel forms (*ḱey-/*key-) already in Proto-Indo-European. Cognates include Lithuanian kiẽmas (yard, rural house, village), kaímas (village), Old Prussian caymis (village), Sudovian aucima (village), Proto-Germanic *haimaz (house, village) (Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims, village), Old High German heim (dwelling, house), German Heim, English home), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, village) (compare κεῖμαι (keîmai, to lie down))[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [tsìems]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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ciems m (1st declension)

  1. village, settlement (small group of houses that forms a territorial unit)
    liels, mazs ciemsbig, small village
    ciems jūras krastāa village on the seashore
  2. the inhabitants of a village
    viss ciems saskrēja skatītiesthe whole vilage came running to watch
  3. the area surrounding a village, organized as an administrative unit
    ciema padomevillage council
    ciema teritorijavillage territory
    rajona pilsētas un ciemithe towns/cities and villages of the district

Declension

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ciems”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN