combustion

See also: combustión

English

Etymology

From Old French combustion, from Latin combustio, from comburere (“to burn”), itself from the intensifying prefix com- + the root burere (a faulty sep. of amburere "to burn around", itself from ambi- + urere "to burn, singe"); equivalent to combust +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

combustion (countable and uncountable, plural combustions)

1. (chemistry) The act or process of burning.
2. A process whereby two chemicals are combined to produce heat.
3. A process wherein a fuel is combined with oxygen, usually at high temperature, releasing heat.
4. (figurative) Violent agitation, tumult.
   • c. 1665, John Worthington, “The Works of the Pious and Profoundly-learned Joseph Mede”, in Life, The Author:

     There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the university.

   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     But say from whence this new combustion springs.

Synonyms

• (act or process of burning): incineration, cremation

Hyponyms

• deflagration
• detonation

Derived terms

• combustion chamber
• combustion engine
• combustion triangle
• internal combustion
• internal combustion engine
• internal-combustion engine
• pre-combustion
• spontaneous combustion

 

Related terms

• combustible
• combustive
• combustor

Translations

the act or process of burning

• Arabic: اِحْتِرَاق‎ m (iḥtirāq)
• Bulgarian: горене n (gorene)
• Catalan: combustió (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 燃燒／燃烧 (zh) (ránshāo)

• Czech: spalování (cs) n
• Danish: forbrænding c
• Dutch: verbranding (nl) f
• Finnish: palaminen (fi), palamisreaktio
• French: combustion (fr)
• German: Verbrennung (de) f
• Greek: καύση (el) f (káfsi), ανάφλεξη (el) f (anáflexi)
• Hindi: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: égés (hu) (process), égetés (hu) (act)
• Ido: kombusto (io)
• Indonesian: pembakaran (id)
• Italian: combustione (it) f
• Japanese: 燃焼 (ja) (ねんしょう, nenshō)
• Korean: 연소(燃燒) (ko) (yeonso)
• Macedonian: согорување n (sogoruvanje), горење n (gorenje)
• Malay: pembakaran (ms)
• Malayalam: ജ്വലനം (ml) (jvalanaṁ)
• Maori: ngingihatanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forbrenning (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: forbrenning f

• Persian: سوختن‎ (fa) (suxtan)
• Plautdietsch: Braunt n
• Polish: spalanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: combustão (pt) f, queima (pt) f
• Romanian: combustie (ro) f, ardere (ro) f
• Russian: горе́ние (ru) n (gorénije), сгора́ние (ru) n (sgoránije), возгора́ние (ru) n (vozgoránije) (process); сжига́ние (ru) n (sžigánije) (act)
• Sanskrit: ओष (sa) m (oṣa)
• Spanish: combustión (es) f, quemado (es) m
• Swedish: förbränning (sv) c

similar process where two chemicals are combined

• Danish: forbrænding c
• Finnish: palaminen (fi)
• German: Verbrennung (de) f
• Greek: καύση (el) f (káfsi)
• Macedonian: согорување n (sogoruvanje), палење n (palenje)
• Malay: pembakaran (ms)
• Maori: ngingihatanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forbrenning (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: forbrenning f

• Portuguese: combustão (pt) f
• Romanian: ardere (ro) f
• Spanish: reacción química (es) f
• Swedish: förbränning (sv) c

process wherein a fuel is combined with oxygen

• Bulgarian: изгаряне n (izgarjane)
• Danish: forbrænding c
• Dutch: verbranding (nl) f
• Finnish: palaminen (fi)
• German: Verbrennung (de) f
• Greek: καύση (el) f (káfsi)
• Macedonian: согорување n (sogoruvanje)
• Malay: pembakaran (ms)
• Maori: ngingihatanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forbrenning (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: forbrenning f

• Portuguese: combustão (pt) f
• Romanian: ardere (ro) f, oxidare (ro) f
• Spanish: combustión (es) f, oxidación (es) f
• Swedish: förbränning (sv) c

violent agitation, commotion

• Catalan: convulsió f
• Dutch: verhitte gemoederen, commotie (nl)
• Greek: ανάφλεξη (el) f (anáflexi)
• Russian: возбужде́ние (ru) n (vozbuždénije), волне́ние (ru) n (volnénije)
• Spanish: revuelta (es) f, tumulto (es) m, vorágine (es) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} brulado
• French: ^{(please verify)} combustion (fr)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} combustione (it) f (1,2,3)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} förbränning (sv)

French

Etymology

From Old French combustion, from Latin combustiōnem, from comburere (“to burn”), itself from the intensifying prefix com- + the root burere (a faulty sep. of amburere "to burn around", itself from ambi- + urere "to burn, singe").

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.bys.tjɔ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophone: combustions
• Hyphenation: com‧bus‧tion

Noun

combustion f (plural combustions)

1. combustion, burning, incineration

Derived terms

• chambre de combustion
• combustible
• turbine à combustion
• turbine à gaz de combustion

Related terms

• comburant

Further reading

• “combustion”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.