draen
Breton
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)
- (botany) thorn
- fishbone
- point, tip (of sharp object)
- (by extension, of arms) détente
- (by extension, of horse) withers
- (figurative) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty
Mutation
[edit]| unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | draen | zraen | unchanged | traen |
| plural | drein | zrein | unchanged | trein |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
Irish
[edit]Noun
[edit]draen m (genitive singular draein, nominative plural draenta)
- alternative form of draein (“drain”)
Declension
[edit]
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Mutation
[edit]| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| draen | dhraen | ndraen |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną, akin to Old Saxon thrāian, Old English þrāwan.
Verb
[edit]drāen
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | draen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | drau | drata |
| 2nd person singular | drais, draist | dratōs, dratōst |
| 3rd person singular | drait | drata |
| 1st person plural | draem, draemēs | dratum, dratumēs |
| 2nd person plural | draet | dratut |
| 3rd person plural | draent | dratun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | drae | drati |
| 2nd person singular | draēs, draēst | dratīs, dratīst |
| 3rd person singular | drae | drati |
| 1st person plural | draēm, draēn, draemēs | dratīm, dratīn, dratīmēs |
| 2nd person plural | draēt | dratīt |
| 3rd person plural | draēn | dratīn |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | drai | |
| plural | draet | |
| participle | present | past |
| draenti | gidrat | |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /draːɨ̯n/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /drai̯n/
- Rhymes: -aːɨ̯n
- Homophone: drain (South Wales)
Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[2]
Noun
[edit]draen (plural, singular draenen f)
- alternative form of drain (“thorn, prickle”)
Derived terms
[edit]- draenog
- dreiniog
- ar y draen, ar ddraen (“on tenterhooks”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| draen | ddraen | nraen | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “draen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
- Breton terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Breton terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Breton terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Breton terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Breton terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Breton terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Breton terms with IPA pronunciation
- Breton lemmas
- Breton nouns
- Breton feminine nouns
- br:Botany
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- Irish first-declension nouns
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German verbs
- Old High German class 1 weak verbs
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯n
- Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯n/1 syllable
- Welsh terms with homophones
- Welsh terms borrowed from English
- Welsh terms derived from English
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh nouns
- Welsh countable nouns
- Welsh feminine nouns
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh plural-basic nouns
- cy:Plants