duine

Afrikaans

Noun

duine

1. plural of duin

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/

Noun

duine m (genitive singular duine, nominative plural daoine)

1. person, human being
2. one (in reference to human beings)

   Tá ceithre pháiste aige; tá duine acu tinn.

   He has four children; one of them is sick.

Declension

Declension of duine

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative duine daoine Vocative a dhuine a dhaoine Genitive duine daoine Dative duine daoine

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an duine na daoine Genitive an duine na ndaoine Dative leis an duine don duine leis na daoine

Derived terms

• bainistíocht daoine
• duine ar iarraidh
• duineata
• duiniúil
• neamhdhuine
• osduine
• seanduine

 

Related terms

• daonna (“human; humane, kindly”, adjective)
• duineatacht (“humaneness, kindliness”)
• duiniúlacht (“humanity, kindliness”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
duine	dhuine	nduine
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “duine”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

• doén

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also dú (“place, spot”)).

Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”), Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).

The plural doíni is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdunʲe/

Noun

duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)

1. person

Declension

Masculine io-stem, masculine i-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	duine	—	doíniH
Vocative	duiniL	—	doíniH
Accusative	duineN	—	doíniH
Genitive	duiniL	—	doíneN
Dative	duiniuL	—	doínib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: duine
• Manx: dooinney
• Scottish Gaelic: duine

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
duine	duine pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	nduine
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ɯɲə/

Noun

duine m (genitive singular duine, plural daoine)

1. man
2. person, body, individual
   • 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:

     Duine gun mhath gun chron, is motha a chron na a mhath. ― A man that's neither good nor ill is more ill than good.

3. husband
4. one

   Is fheudar dha duine a-riamh a dh'aithneachadh na thathar a' dèanamh le fhèin an duine. ― One must always know what one is doing with oneself.

   Chan eil fios aig duine a riamh. ― One never knows.

Derived terms

• duin'-eigin (“somebody (male)”)
• duine dubh (“Negro”)
• nuair a thig air duine, thig air uile (“it never rains but it pours”)

 

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “duine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language