excommunicate

English

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ecclesiastical Latin, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Late Latin excommunicātus, perfect passive participle of excommunicō (“put out of the community”).

Pronunciation

Adjective and Noun:

• IPA^(key): /ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkət/
• IPA^(key): /ˌɛkskəˈmjunəkət/

Verb:

• IPA^(key): /ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
• IPA^(key): /ˌɛkskəˈmjunəkeɪt/

Adjective

excommunicate (not comparable)

1. Excommunicated.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John IX:

     the iewes had conspyred allredy that yff eny man did confesse that he was Christ, he shulde be excommunicat out of the Sinagoge.

   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate.

Noun

excommunicate (plural excommunicates)

1. A person so excluded.

Verb

excommunicate (third-person singular simple present excommunicat, present participle ing, simple past and past participle excommunicated)

1. (transitive) To officially exclude someone from membership of a church or religious community.
   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     “Perhaps it is because I have been excommunicated. It's absurd, but I feel like the Jackdaw of Rheims.” ¶ She winced and bowed her head. Each time that he spoke flippantly of the Church he caused her pain.

2. (transitive, historical or figurative) To exclude from any other group; to banish.

Synonyms

• disfellowship
• takfir

Related terms

• excommunication

Translations

to officially exclude someone from membership of a church or religious community

• Bulgarian: отлъчвам от църквата (otlǎčvam ot cǎrkvata)
• Catalan: excomunicar (ca)
• Danish: ekskommunikere
• Esperanto: ekskomuniki
• French: excommunier (fr)
• German: exkommunizieren (de)
• Greek: αφορίζω (el) (aforízo)
• Hungarian: kiközösít (hu)
• Italian: scomunicare (it)
• Latin: excommunicare
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ekskommunisere, lyse i bann, bannlyse, utelukke fra den katolske kirke

  Nynorsk: ekskommunisere, lyse i bann, bannlyse, bannlysa, stengje ute frå den katolske kyrkja

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Old French: escumengier
• Polish: ekskomunikować (pl)
• Portuguese: excomungar (pt)
• Russian: изгоня́ть (ru) impf (izgonjátʹ), изгна́ть (ru) pf (izgnátʹ), выгоня́ть (ru) impf (vygonjátʹ), вы́гнать (ru) pf (výgnatʹ), (e.g. from church) отлуча́ть (ru) impf (otlučátʹ), отлучи́ть (ru) pf (otlučítʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: ekskomunicírati (sh), izòpćiti (sh)

• Spanish: excomulgar (es)

to exclude from any other group; to banish — see also banish

• French: bannir (fr)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• German: bannen (de), verbannen (de)
• Hungarian: kiközösít (hu)