excrucio

Latin

Etymology

From ex- (“out of, from”) +‎ cruciō (“crucify; torture, torment”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ekˈskru.ki.oː/, [ɛkˈs̠krʊkioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈskru.t͡ʃi.o/, [ekˈskruːt͡ʃio]

Verb

excruciō (present infinitive excruciāre, perfect active excruciāvī, supine excruciātum); first conjugation

1. to torment greatly, torture, rack, plague; afflict, distress, harass, vex
2. to force out by torturing, extort

Conjugation

Conjugation of excruciō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	excruciō	excruciās	excruciat	excruciāmus	excruciātis	excruciant
	imperfect	excruciābam	excruciābās	excruciābat	excruciābāmus	excruciābātis	excruciābant
	future	excruciābō	excruciābis	excruciābit	excruciābimus	excruciābitis	excruciābunt
	perfect	excruciāvī	excruciāvistī	excruciāvit	excruciāvimus	excruciāvistis	excruciāvērunt, excruciāvēre
	pluperfect	excruciāveram	excruciāverās	excruciāverat	excruciāverāmus	excruciāverātis	excruciāverant
	future perfect	excruciāverō	excruciāveris	excruciāverit	excruciāverimus	excruciāveritis	excruciāverint
passive	present	excrucior	excruciāris, excruciāre	excruciātur	excruciāmur	excruciāminī	excruciantur
	imperfect	excruciābar	excruciābāris, excruciābāre	excruciābātur	excruciābāmur	excruciābāminī	excruciābantur
	future	excruciābor	excruciāberis, excruciābere	excruciābitur	excruciābimur	excruciābiminī	excruciābuntur
	perfect	excruciātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	excruciātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	excruciātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	excruciem	excruciēs	excruciet	excruciēmus	excruciētis	excrucient
	imperfect	excruciārem	excruciārēs	excruciāret	excruciārēmus	excruciārētis	excruciārent
	perfect	excruciāverim	excruciāverīs	excruciāverit	excruciāverīmus	excruciāverītis	excruciāverint
	pluperfect	excruciāvissem	excruciāvissēs	excruciāvisset	excruciāvissēmus	excruciāvissētis	excruciāvissent
passive	present	excrucier	excruciēris, excruciēre	excruciētur	excruciēmur	excruciēminī	excrucientur
	imperfect	excruciārer	excruciārēris, excruciārēre	excruciārētur	excruciārēmur	excruciārēminī	excruciārentur
	perfect	excruciātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	excruciātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	excruciā	—	—	excruciāte	—
	future	—	excruciātō	excruciātō	—	excruciātōte	excruciantō
passive	present	—	excruciāre	—	—	excruciāminī	—
	future	—	excruciātor	excruciātor	—	—	excruciantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		excruciāre	excruciāvisse	excruciātūrum esse	excruciārī, excruciārier1	excruciātum esse	excruciātum īrī
participles		excruciāns	—	excruciātūrus	—	excruciātus	excruciandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		excruciandī	excruciandō	excruciandum	excruciandō	excruciātum	excruciātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• excruciābilis
• excruciātiō
• excruciātor
• excruciātus

Descendants

• English: excruciate
• Portuguese: excruciar

References

• “excrucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “excrucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• excrucio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari