frendo

Latin

Alternative forms

• frendeō

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (“to crush; gnash”). Cognate with Dutch grinden (“to grind, gnash, grin”), English grind.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfren.doː/, [ˈfrɛn̪d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfren.do/, [ˈfrɛn̪d̪o]

Verb

frendō (present infinitive frendere, perfect active frenduī, supine frēsum or fressum); third conjugation

1. (intransitive, of teeth) to grind, gnash
2. (transitive) to crush or grind to pieces
3. (transitive) to lament over with rage, gnash the teeth

Conjugation

Conjugation of frendō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	frendō	frendis	frendit	frendimus	frenditis	frendunt
	imperfect	frendēbam	frendēbās	frendēbat	frendēbāmus	frendēbātis	frendēbant
	future	frendam	frendēs	frendet	frendēmus	frendētis	frendent
	perfect	frenduī	frenduistī	frenduit	frenduimus	frenduistis	frenduērunt, frenduēre
	pluperfect	frendueram	frenduerās	frenduerat	frenduerāmus	frenduerātis	frenduerant
	future perfect	frenduerō	frendueris	frenduerit	frenduerimus	frendueritis	frenduerint
passive	present	frendor	frenderis, frendere	frenditur	frendimur	frendiminī	frenduntur
	imperfect	frendēbar	frendēbāris, frendēbāre	frendēbātur	frendēbāmur	frendēbāminī	frendēbantur
	future	frendar	frendēris, frendēre	frendētur	frendēmur	frendēminī	frendentur
	perfect	frēsus or fressus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	frēsus or fressus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	frēsus or fressus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	frendam	frendās	frendat	frendāmus	frendātis	frendant
	imperfect	frenderem	frenderēs	frenderet	frenderēmus	frenderētis	frenderent
	perfect	frenduerim	frenduerīs	frenduerit	frenduerīmus	frenduerītis	frenduerint
	pluperfect	frenduissem	frenduissēs	frenduisset	frenduissēmus	frenduissētis	frenduissent
passive	present	frendar	frendāris, frendāre	frendātur	frendāmur	frendāminī	frendantur
	imperfect	frenderer	frenderēris, frenderēre	frenderētur	frenderēmur	frenderēminī	frenderentur
	perfect	frēsus or fressus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	frēsus or fressus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	frende	—	—	frendite	—
	future	—	frenditō	frenditō	—	frenditōte	frenduntō
passive	present	—	frendere	—	—	frendiminī	—
	future	—	frenditor	frenditor	—	—	frenduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		frendere	frenduisse	frēsūrum esse, fressūrum esse	frendī	frēsum esse, fressum esse	frēsum īrī, fressum īrī
participles		frendēns	—	frēsūrus, fressūrus	—	frēsus, fressus	frendendus, frendundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		frendendī	frendendō	frendendum	frendendō	frēsum, fressum	frēsū, fressū

Derived terms

• frendēscō
• frendor
• *frēsare (Vulgar Latin)
• infrendō

Descendants

• Catalan: fresar, fresa (possibly)
• Sicilian: frisari, fresa
• Spanish: fresar, fresa (possibly)

References

• “frendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “frendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• frendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN