glan

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See also: Glan and glân

Breton[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective[edit]

glan

  1. pure

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of glan  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed
glan c'hlan unchanged klan c'hlan

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective[edit]

glan (genitive singular masculine glain, genitive singular feminine glaine, plural glana, comparative glaine)

  1. clean
  2. clear
Declension[edit]
Declension of glan
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative glan ghlan glana;
ghlana²
Vocative ghlain glana
Genitive glaine glana glan
Dative glan;
ghlan¹ 		ghlan;
ghlain (archaic) 		glana;
ghlana²
Comparative níos glaine
Superlative is glaine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Archaic declension
Declension of glan
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative glan ghlan glana;
ghlana²
Vocative ghloin glana
Genitive gloine glana glan
Dative glan;
ghlan¹ 		ghlan;
ghloin (archaic) 		glana;
ghlana²
Comparative níos gloine
Superlative is gloine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from the adjective.

Verb[edit]

glan (present analytic glanann, future analytic glanfaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glanta)

  1. clean
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of glan (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present glanaim glanann tú;
glanair† 		glanann sé, sí glanaimid glanann sibh glanann siad;
glanaid† 		a ghlanann; a ghlanas /
a nglanann*; a nglanas* 		glantar
past ghlan mé; ghlanas ghlan tú; ghlanais ghlan sé, sí ghlanamar; ghlan muid ghlan sibh; ghlanabhair ghlan siad; ghlanadar a ghlan /
ar ghlan* 		glanadh
past habitual ghlanainn / nglanainn‡‡ ghlantá / nglantᇇ ghlanadh sé, sí / nglanadh sé, s퇇 ghlanaimis; ghlanadh muid / nglanaimis‡‡; nglanadh muid‡‡ ghlanadh sibh / nglanadh sibh‡‡ ghlanaidís; ghlanadh siad / nglanaidís‡‡; nglanadh siad‡‡ a ghlanadh /
a nglanadh* 		ghlantaí / nglanta퇇
future glanfaidh mé;
glanfad 		glanfaidh tú;
glanfair† 		glanfaidh sé, sí glanfaimid;
glanfaidh muid 		glanfaidh sibh glanfaidh siad;
glanfaid† 		a ghlanfaidh; a ghlanfas /
a nglanfaidh*; a nglanfas* 		glanfar
conditional ghlanfainn / nglanfainn‡‡ ghlanfá / nglanfᇇ ghlanfadh sé, sí / nglanfadh sé, s퇇 ghlanfaimis; ghlanfadh muid / nglanfaimis‡‡; nglanfadh muid‡‡ ghlanfadh sibh / nglanfadh sibh‡‡ ghlanfaidís; ghlanfadh siad / nglanfaidís‡‡; nglanfadh siad‡‡ a ghlanfadh /
a nglanfadh* 		ghlanfaí / nglanfa퇇
subjunctive present go nglana mé;
go nglanad† 		go nglana tú;
go nglanair† 		go nglana sé, sí go nglanaimid;
go nglana muid 		go nglana sibh go nglana siad;
go nglanaid† 		— go nglantar
past dá nglanainn dá nglantá dá nglanadh sé, sí dá nglanaimis;
dá nglanadh muid 		dá nglanadh sibh dá nglanaidís;
dá nglanadh siad 		— dá nglantaí
imperative glanaim glan glanadh sé, sí glanaimis glanaigí;
glanaidh† 		glanaidís — glantar
verbal noun glanadh
past participle glanta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
glan ghlan nglan
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 42

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *glanos.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

glan

  1. clean
  2. pure
  3. clear

Inflection[edit]

o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative glan glan glan
Vocative glain*
glan**
Accusative glan glain
Genitive glain glaine glain
Dative glan glain glan
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative glain glana
Vocative glanu
glana†
Accusative glanu
glana†
Genitive glan
Dative glanaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Irish: glan
  • Scottish Gaelic: glan

Verb[edit]

·glan

  1. third-person singular preterite conjunct of glanaid

glan

  1. second-person singular imperative of glanaid

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
glan glan
pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ 		nglan
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glěnь.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɡlʲaːn/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɡlʲɒn/

Noun[edit]

glan m

  1. dirt, filth

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology[edit]

From glanc with a semantic shift of shine to boots polished to a shine to bovver boot.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɡlan/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: glan

Noun[edit]

glan m inan

  1. bovver boot

Declension[edit]

Declension of glan
singular plural
nominative glan glany
genitive glana glanów
dative glanowi glanom
accusative glan glany
instrumental glanem glanami
locative glanie glanach
vocative glanie glany

References[edit]

  1. ^ Adam Fałowski (2022) Słownik etymologiczny polszczyzny potocznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN

Further reading[edit]

  • glan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • glan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective[edit]

glan (comparative glaine)

  1. clean
  2. pure
  3. fine, grand, sheer

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from glan.

Verb[edit]

glan (past ghlan, future glanaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glante)

  1. clean, purify
  2. purge, refine
  3. weed

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Welsh glann, from Proto-Brythonic *glann, from Proto-Celtic *glannos; see *glendos.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

glan f (plural glannau or glennydd)

  1. bank, shore

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
glan lan nglan unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “glan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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