gruwen

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch grûwen, grouwen, from Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną, with cognates in Middle High German and Old High German, but further origin unclear; perhaps ultimately an imitative derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), or instead from *gʰer- (“to rub, stroke, grind”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣryu̯ə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gru‧wen
• Rhymes: -yu̯ən

Verb

gruwen

1. (intransitive) to abhor, to loathe

   Antonym: houden van

   Als er iets is waarvan ik gruw, dan is het zijn zelfvoldaanheid.

   If there is one thing I loathe, it’s his smugness.

Usage notes

The object of the loathing is introduced with the preposition van, but – unlike the verb houden van – the naked verb can also be used on its own.

Conjugation

Conjugation of gruwen (weak)
infinitive	gruwen
past singular	gruwde
past participle	gegruwd
infinitive	gruwen
gerund	gruwen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	gruw	gruwde
2nd person sing. (jij)	gruwt, gruw2	gruwde
2nd person sing. (u)	gruwt	gruwde
2nd person sing. (gij)	gruwt	gruwde
3rd person singular	gruwt	gruwde
plural	gruwen	gruwden
subjunctive sing.1	gruwe	gruwde
subjunctive plur.1	gruwen	gruwden
imperative sing.	gruw
imperative plur.1	gruwt
participles	gruwend	gegruwd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

• gruwel
• gruwelen