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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3-lit.
( transitive ) to send (someone, e.g. on an errand) (+ r : to (some place))
( transitive ) to send (word) (+ n : to (someone); + ḥr : about)
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of hꜣb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: hꜣb , geminated stem: hꜣbb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
hꜣb
hꜣbw , hꜣb
hꜣbt
hꜣb
hꜣb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
hꜣb
ḥr hꜣb
m hꜣb
r hꜣb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
hꜣb.n
hꜣbw , hꜣb
consecutive
hꜣb.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
hꜣbt
perfective 3
hꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
hꜣb.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
hꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
hꜣb
hꜣbb
potentialis1
hꜣb.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
hꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
hꜣb.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
hꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
hꜣb
hꜣb , hꜣbw 5 , hꜣby 5
imperfective
hꜣb , hꜣby , hꜣbw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
hꜣb , hꜣbj 6 , hꜣby 6
hꜣb , hꜣbw 5
prospective
hꜣb , hꜣbtj 7
—
hꜣbtj 4 , hꜣbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 221 .
Hoch, James (1997 ) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN , page 42