hadron

See also: Hadron, hadrón, and hádron

English

Hadrons within a high-level classification of particles

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek ἁδρός (hadrós)

Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.

Latin ēlectrum

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Indo-European *-ikos

Proto-Italic *-ikos

Latin -icus

New Latin ēlectricusbor.

English electric

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti

Proto-Hellenic *éimi

Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión)der.

English ion

blend

English electronbf.

▲

Ancient Greek -ον (-on)influ.

English -on

English hadron

From Ancient Greek ἁδρός (hadrós, “thick”) + English -on. Coined by Russian physicist Lev Okun in 1962 in a plenary talk at the International Conference on High Energy Physics.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈhæd.ɹɒn/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhæd.ɹɑn/

Noun

hadron (plural hadrons)

1. (particle physics) A composite particle that comprises two or more quarks held together by the strong force and (consequently) can interact with other particles via said force; a meson or a baryon.
   • 1996, J. R. Batley, “Measurements of B Hadron Lifetimes at LEP”, in Michael C. Birse, G. D. Lafferty, J. A. McGovern, editors, Hadron '95: The 6th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy, World Scientific, page 48:

     The weak decays of b hadrons are dominated by the spectator model process whereby the b quark decays to a c quark (or occasionally a u quark) with the emission of an external W, while the non-b antiquark or diquark acts simply as a passive spectator to the decay.

   • 2005, D. B. Leinweber, A. W. Thomas, R. D. Young, “Hadron Structure and QCD: Effective Field Theory for Lattice Simulations”, in Alex C. Kalloniatis, Derek B. Leinweber, Anthony G. Williams, editors, Lattice Hadron Physics, Springer,, page 114:

     One can use the lattice simulations, which do represent the rigorous consequences of non-perturbative QCD, as guidance for models of hadron structure.

   • 2017, Syed Afsar Abbas, Group Theory in Particle, Nuclear, and Hadron Physics‎^[1], Taylor & Francis (CRC Press / Chapman & Hall), page 204:

     And hence colour, which was initially an ad hoc concept, later turned out to be an empirically confirmed reality of hadrons.

Usage notes

• Aside from individual quarks (which are never observed by themselves) hadrons are the only particles that interact via the strong force. Thus, a possible (though potentially slightly misleading) definition is "composite particle that can interact via the strong force" - or indeed simply "composite particle", as all hadrons are composite and all known non-hadrons are not known to be composite. Either definition however will be non-marginally wrong if the existence of the hypothetical "glueballs", non-hadronic composite particles consisting of gluons, is confirmed.
• The two categorisations hadron versus non-hadron and fermion versus boson together turn out to comprise a useful high-level categorisation of subatomic particles. (See the diagram above.)
  • (Missing from the diagram are quarks, the building blocks of hadrons. They are elementary, and therefore not themselves hadrons; they are, however, fermions. Thus, they would be classified, alongside leptons, as non-hadronic fermions.)

Hyponyms

• baryon
• meson

Derived terms

• antihadron
• dihadron
• exotic hadron
• hadrochemical
• hadrodynamics
• hadrogenesis
• hadronic
• hadronically
• hadronics
• hadronise
• hadronization
• hadronize
• hadronless
• hadrontherapy
• hadronuclear
• hadroproduction
• multihadron
• prehadron
• technihadron

Translations

composite particle composed of quarks

• Armenian: հադրոն (hadron)
• Basque: hadroi (eu)
• Catalan: hadró (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 強子 / 强子 (zh) (qiángzǐ)

• Czech: hadron (cs) m
• Dutch: hadron (nl) n
• Esperanto: hadrono
• Finnish: hadroni (fi)
• French: hadron (fr) m
• Galician: hadrón (gl) m
• Georgian: ჰადრონი (hadroni)
• German: Hadron (de) n
• Greek: αδρόνιο (el) n (adrónio)
• Ido: hadrono (io)
• Italian: adrone (it) m
• Japanese: ハドロン (hadoron)
• Kazakh: адрон (adron)
• Khmer: បុថូណូ (poh tho no), ប្រថូណូ (bror tho no)
• Korean: 강입자 (gang'ipja)
• Macedonian: хадро́н m (hadrón)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: адрон (adron)

• Persian: هادرون (fa) (hâdrun)
• Polish: hadron (pl) m
• Portuguese: hadrão m (Portugal), hádron m (Brazil)
• Russian: адро́н (ru) m (adrón)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ха̀дро̄н m

  Latin: hàdrōn (sh) m

• Slovak: hadrón m
• Slovene: hadrón m
• Spanish: hadrón (es) m
• Swedish: hadron (sv) c
• Turkish: hadron

Further reading

• Quark on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Quark model on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Standard Model on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Subatomic particle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• List of particles on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Large Hadron Collider on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Drohan, Hardon, Hrodna, Rhonda, hard on, hard-on, hardon

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ha‧dron

Noun

hadron n (plural hadronen, no diminutive)

1. (particle physics) hadron

French

Pronunciation

• ^{(mute h)} IPA^(key): /a.dʁɔ̃/

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

Noun

hadron m (plural hadrons)

1. hadron

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxa.drɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -adrɔn
• Syllabification: ha‧dron

Noun

hadron m inan

1. (particle physics) hadron

Declension

Declension of hadron

	singular	plural
nominative	hadron	hadrony
genitive	hadrona	hadronów
dative	hadronowi	hadronom
accusative	hadron	hadrony
instrumental	hadronem	hadronami
locative	hadronie	hadronach
vocative	hadronie	hadrony

Further reading

• “hadron”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English hadron or French hadron.

Noun

hadron m (plural hadroni)

1. hadron

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	hadron	hadronul	hadroni	hadronii
genitive-dative	hadron	hadronului	hadroni	hadronilor
vocative	hadronule		hadronilor

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xǎdroːn/
• Hyphenation: had‧ron

Noun

hàdrōn m inan (Cyrillic spelling ха̀дро̄н)

1. (particle physics) hadron

Declension

Declension of hadron

	singular	plural
nominative	hàdrōn	hadróni
genitive	hadróna	hadrónā
dative	hadrónu	hadrónima
accusative	hàdrōn	hadróne
vocative	hȁdrōne	hadróni
locative	hadrónu	hadrónima
instrumental	hadrónom	hadrónima

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xadróːn/

Noun

hadrọ̑n m inan

1. (particle physics) hadron

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	hadrón
gen. sing.	hadróna
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	hadrón	hadróna	hadróni
genitive (rodȋlnik)	hadróna	hadrónov	hadrónov
dative (dajȃlnik)	hadrónu	hadrónoma	hadrónom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	hadrón	hadróna	hadróne
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	hadrónu	hadrónih	hadrónih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	hadrónom	hadrónoma	hadróni

Turkish

Noun

hadron (definite accusative hadronu, plural hadronlar)

1. (particle physics) hadron

Declension

Declension of hadron

	singular	plural
nominative	hadron	hadronlar
definite accusative	hadronu	hadronları
dative	hadrona	hadronlara
locative	hadronda	hadronlarda
ablative	hadrondan	hadronlardan
genitive	hadronun	hadronların