horior

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *herjō, from earlier *xerjō (to differentiate it from a later form *herjō if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō). The active was lost.

Verb

horior (present infinitive horī); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent, no perfect or supine stem

1. (archaic, hapax) to encourage, urge

Conjugation

The only attested form of this verb is horitur, appearing once in Ennius:

• 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 432:

  […] prandere iubet horiturque

  he orders and encourages them to break their fast

Assuming that this fragmentary verse appears at the end of a line of dactylic hexameter, the vowel in horitur would be short, making horior a third-conjugation verb. This conjugation is listed in TLL, De Vaan and Lewis and Short.

Conjugation of horior (third conjugation iō-variant, no supine stem, deponent, no perfect stem)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	horior	horeris, horere	horitur	horimur	horiminī	horiuntur
	imperfect	horiēbar	horiēbāris, horiēbāre	horiēbātur	horiēbāmur	horiēbāminī	horiēbantur
	future	horiar	horiēris, horiēre	horiētur	horiēmur	horiēminī	horientur
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	horiar	horiāris, horiāre	horiātur	horiāmur	horiāminī	horiantur
	imperfect	horerer	horerēris, horerēre	horerētur	horerēmur	horerēminī	horerentur
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	horere	—	—	horiminī	—
	future	—	horitor	horitor	—	—	horiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		horī	—	—	—	—	—
participles		horiēns	—	—	—	—	horiendus, horiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		horiendī	horiendō	horiendum	horiendō	—	—

On the other hand, Gaffiot gives it as a fourth-conjugation verb, perhaps on the basis of the archaic frequentative horitō (< *horitus), also attested in Ennius.

Derived terms

• hortor

References

• “horior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• horior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• “horior” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present