jnj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːnit/ → /ˈjiːniʔ/ → /ˈʔiːnə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːnit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːniʔ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiːnə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ini/
  • Conventional anglicization: ini

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to bring, to get, to fetch
2. (transitive) to acquire, to get
3. (transitive) to attain (a goal)
4. (transitive with m) to have recourse to, to turn to

Inflection

Conjugation of jnj (irregular third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jn, geminated stem: jnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jnt, jnj	jnw, jn	jnt, jnwt, jnyt	jn	jn, jny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jn8, jnn8	ḥr jnt, ḥr jnj	m jnt, m jnj	r jnt, r jnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jn.n	jnw, jn, jny	consecutive	jn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jnt, jnyt
perfective3	jn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jn, jny	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jnw, jn, jny	jnw, jn, jny	potentialis1	jn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jnt	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jnw1, jny, jn	active + .tj1, .tw2	jn	jny, jn
imperfective	jnn, jnny, jnnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jnn, jnnj6, jnny6	jnn, jnnw5
prospective	jnw1, jny, jn, jntj7	—	jnwtj1 4, jntj4, jnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

• jn-jt.f
• jn-ḥrt

Descendants

• Demotic: jn
  • Coptic: ⲓⲛⲓ (ini)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 180, 189, 228, 250, 267–268, 456.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 83, 146