karaissa
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Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kargaictak. Cognates include Finnish karaista and Estonian karastada.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrɑi̯sːɑ/, [ˈkɑrːəs̠ː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrɑi̯sːɑ/, [ˈkɑrˑɑi̯ʃːɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑrɑi̯sː, -ɑrɑi̯sːɑ
- Hyphenation: ka‧rais‧sa
Verb
[edit]karaissa
- (transitive) to harden (treat with heat to make harder)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of karaissa (type 11/pessä, k- gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | karkaisen | en karkaise | 1st singular | oon karaist, oon karaissut | en oo karaist, en oo karaissut |
2nd singular | karkaiset | et karkaise | 2nd singular | oot karaist, oot karaissut | et oo karaist, et oo karaissut |
3rd singular | karkaisoo | ei karkaise | 3rd singular | ono karaist, ono karaissut | ei oo karaist, ei oo karaissut |
1st plural | karkaisemma | emmä karkaise | 1st plural | oomma karaisseet | emmä oo karaisseet |
2nd plural | karkaisetta | että karkaise | 2nd plural | ootta karaisseet | että oo karaisseet |
3rd plural | karkaisoot1), karkaisevat2), karaissaa | evät karkaise, ei karaissa | 3rd plural | ovat karaisseet | evät oo karaisseet, ei oo karaistu |
impersonal | karaissaa | ei karaissa | impersonal | ono karaistu | ei oo karaistu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | karkaisin | en karaist, en karaissut | 1st singular | olin karaist, olin karaissut | en olt karaist, en olt karaissut |
2nd singular | karkaisit | et karaist, et karaissut | 2nd singular | olit karaist, olit karaissut | et olt karaist, et olt karaissut |
3rd singular | karkaisi | ei karaist, ei karaissut | 3rd singular | oli karaist, oli karaissut | ei olt karaist, ei olt karaissut |
1st plural | karkaisimma | emmä karaisseet | 1st plural | olimma karaisseet | emmä olleet karaisseet |
2nd plural | karkaisitta | että karaisseet | 2nd plural | olitta karaisseet | että olleet karaisseet |
3rd plural | karkaisiit1), karkaisivat2), karaistii | evät karaisseet, ei karaistu | 3rd plural | olivat karaisseet | evät olleet karaisseet, ei olt karaistu |
impersonal | karaistii | ei karaistu | impersonal | oli karaistu | ei olt karaistu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | karkaisisin | en karkaisis | 1st singular | olisin karaist, olisin karaissut | en olis karaist, en olis karaissut |
2nd singular | karkaisisit, karkaisiist1) | et karkaisis | 2nd singular | olisit karaist, olisit karaissut | et olis karaist, et olis karaissut |
3rd singular | karkaisis | ei karkaisis | 3rd singular | olis karaist, olis karaissut | ei olis karaist, ei olis karaissut |
1st plural | karkaisisimma | emmä karkaisis | 1st plural | olisimma karaisseet | emmä olis karaisseet |
2nd plural | karkaisisitta | että karkaisis | 2nd plural | olisitta karaisseet | että olis karaisseet |
3rd plural | karkaisisiit1), karkaisisivat2), karaistais | evät karkaisis, ei karaistais | 3rd plural | olisivat karaisseet | evät olis karaisseet, ei olis karaistu |
impersonal | karaistais | ei karaistais | impersonal | olis karaistu | ei olis karaistu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | karkaise | elä karkaise | 2nd singular | oo karaist, oo karaissut | elä oo karaist, elä oo karaissut |
3rd singular | karaiskoo | elköö karaisko | 3rd singular | olkoo karaist, olkoo karaissut | elköö olko karaist, elköö olko karaissut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | karaiskaa | elkää karaisko | 2nd plural | olkaa karaisseet | elkää olko karaisseet |
3rd plural | karaiskoot | elkööt karaisko, elköö karaistako | 3rd plural | olkoot karaisseet | elkööt olko karaisseet, elköö olko karaistu |
impersonal | karaistakkoo | elköö karaistako | impersonal | olkoo karaistu | elköö olko karaistu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | karaissen | en karaisse | |||
2nd singular | karaisset | et karaisse | |||
3rd singular | karaissoo | ei karaisse | |||
1st plural | karaissemma | emmä karaisse | |||
2nd plural | karaissetta | että karaisse | |||
3rd plural | karaissoot | evät karaisse, ei karaistane | |||
impersonal | karaistannoo | ei karaistane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | karaissa | present | karkaiseva | karaistava | |
2nd | inessive | karaissees | past | karaist, karaissut | karaistu |
instructive | karaissen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (karaiskaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | karkaisommaa | |||
inessive | karkaisomas | ||||
elative | karkaisomast | ||||
abessive | karkaisomata | ||||
4th | nominative | karkaisomiin | |||
partitive | karkaisomista, karkaisomist |
Synonyms
[edit]- (rare) karata
References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 135