katkema
Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Of Finnic or even possibly Finno-Permic origin. Cognate to Finnish katketa (“to break, to snap”), Veps katketa (“to break”) and possibly Udmurt куашканы (kuaškany, “to decay, to break, to fall apart”)
Verb
katkema (da-infinitive katkeda)
- to break (in two), to fall apart
- to stop, to halt, to temporarily stop, to end
Conjugation
Conjugation of katkema (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | katken | ei katke | 1st sing. | olen katkenud | ei ole katkenud pole katkenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | katked | 2nd sing. | oled katkenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | katkeb | 3rd sing. | on katkenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | katkeme | 1st plur. | oleme katkenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | katkete | 2nd plur. | olete katkenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | katkevad | 3rd plur. | on katkenud | ||||||
| passive | katketakse | ei katketa | passive | on katketud | ei ole katketud pole katketud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | katkesin | ei katkenud | 1st sing. | olin katkenud | ei olnud katkenud polnud katkenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | katkesid | 2nd sing. | olid katkenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | katkes | 3rd sing. | oli katkenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | katkesime | 1st plur. | olime katkenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | katkesite | 2nd plur. | olite katkenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | katkesid | 3rd plur. | oli katkenud | ||||||
| passive | katketi | ei katketud | passive | oli katketud | ei olnud katketud polnud katketud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | katkeksin | ei katkeks | 1st sing. | katkenuksin oleksin katkenud |
ei katkenuks ei oleks katkenud poleks katkenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | katkeksid | 2nd sing. | katkenuksid oleksid katkenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | katkeks | 3rd sing. | katkenuks oleks katkenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | katkeksime | 1st plur. | katkenuksime oleksime katkenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | katkeksite | 2nd plur. | katkenuksite oleksite katkenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | katkeksid | 3rd plur. | katkenuksid oleksid katkenud | ||||||
| passive | katketaks | ei katketaks | passive | oleks katketud | ei oleks katketud poleks katketud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | katke | ära katke | 2nd sing. | ole katkenud | ära ole katkenud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | katkegu | ärgu katkegu | 3rd sing. | olgu katkenud | ärgu olgu katkenud | ||||
| 1st plur. | katkegem | ärme katkeme ärme katke ärgem katkegem |
1st plur. | olgem katkenud | ärme oleme katkenud ärme ole katkenud ärgem olgem katkenud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | katkege | ärge katkege | 2nd plur. | olge katkenud | ärge olge katkenud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | katkegu | ärgu katkegu | 3rd plur. | olgu katkenud | ärgu olgu katkenud | ||||
| passive | katketagu | ärgu katketagu | passive | olgu katketud | ärgu olgu katketud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | katkevat | ei katkevat | active | olevat katkenud | ei olevat katkenud polevat katkenud | ||||
| passive | katketavat | ei katketavat | passive | olevat katketud | ei olevat katketud polevat katketud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | katkema | katketama | nominative | katkeda | olla katkenud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | katkedes | olles katkenud | |||||
| inessive | katkemas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | katkemast | present | katkev | katketav | |||||
| translative | katkemaks | past | katkenud | katketud | |||||
| abessive | katkemata | negative | katkematu | — | |||||