kutsua

Finnish

Etymology

From , from earlier *kućću-; akin to the Samic verb reflected in e.g. Northern Sami goččut. Contains the reflexive suffix -u. The root is probably of Indo-European loan origin, either from Germanic (cf. Old Norse kveðja (“to greet, to call upon, to demand”)) or Baltic (cf. Lithuanian kviesti (“to call, to sue, to ask”), from earlier *kvaitja-). Uralic inheritance has also been suggested, in light of Khanty *kuuć- "to teach, to tempt" (suggesting a Proto-Uralic verb *kuććV-), for which an alternative etymology is however known as well.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkutsuɑˣ/, [ˈkuts̠uɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -utsuɑ
• Hyphenation: kut‧su‧a

Verb

kutsua, (transitive)

1. (+ genitive-accusative) to invite

   Kutsuin isän päivälliselle.

   I invited my father for dinner.

2. (+ partitive) to beckon, call, call for summon (to shout out in order to summon)

   Nojauduin ulos takaovesta ja kutsuin Lucya.

   I leant out of the back door and called for Lucy.

   Olkaa hyvä ja istuutukaa. Teitä kutsutaan sukunimellä.

   Please have a seat. You will be called by the surname.

3. (+ translative) to call, name, dub, go by

   Hänen alaisensa kutsuvat häntä epäkunnioittavasti vänrikki Nappulaksi.

   His subordinates disrespectfully call him lieutenant Fuzz.

   Hän kutsui minua Pertiksi, mutta en antanut sen haitata.

   He called me Pertti, but I did not let it bother me.

   Hänen koko nimensä on Ernest Tinkleton, mutta häntä kutsutaan Ernieksi.

   His full name is Ernest Tinkleton, but he goes by Ernie.

4. (+ genitive-accusative) to call up (to select e.g. to a sports squad)
5. (+ genitive-accusative) ~ koolle, ~ kokoon: to muster (to collect, call or assemble together, such as troops or a group)
6. (+ genitive-accusative) ~ palvelukseen: to muster, call out (to enroll into service, to order into service)

   Kuvernööri kutsui kansalliskaartin palvelukseen.

   The Governor called out the National Guard.

7. (+ genitive-accusative) to hail, call out (to voice loudly in order to gain the attention of)

   ~ taksi: to hail a taxi, to call out a taxi

Conjugation

Inflection of kutsua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kutsun	en kutsu	1st sing.	olen kutsunut	en ole kutsunut
2nd sing.		kutsut	et kutsu	2nd sing.	olet kutsunut	et ole kutsunut
3rd sing.		kutsuu	ei kutsu	3rd sing.	on kutsunut	ei ole kutsunut
1st plur.		kutsumme	emme kutsu	1st plur.	olemme kutsuneet	emme ole kutsuneet
2nd plur.		kutsutte	ette kutsu	2nd plur.	olette kutsuneet	ette ole kutsuneet
3rd plur.		kutsuvat	eivät kutsu	3rd plur.	ovat kutsuneet	eivät ole kutsuneet
passive		kutsutaan	ei kutsuta	passive	on kutsuttu	ei ole kutsuttu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kutsuin	en kutsunut	1st sing.	olin kutsunut	en ollut kutsunut
2nd sing.		kutsuit	et kutsunut	2nd sing.	olit kutsunut	et ollut kutsunut
3rd sing.		kutsui	ei kutsunut	3rd sing.	oli kutsunut	ei ollut kutsunut
1st plur.		kutsuimme	emme kutsuneet	1st plur.	olimme kutsuneet	emme olleet kutsuneet
2nd plur.		kutsuitte	ette kutsuneet	2nd plur.	olitte kutsuneet	ette olleet kutsuneet
3rd plur.		kutsuivat	eivät kutsuneet	3rd plur.	olivat kutsuneet	eivät olleet kutsuneet
passive		kutsuttiin	ei kutsuttu	passive	oli kutsuttu	ei ollut kutsuttu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kutsuisin	en kutsuisi	1st sing.	olisin kutsunut	en olisi kutsunut
2nd sing.		kutsuisit	et kutsuisi	2nd sing.	olisit kutsunut	et olisi kutsunut
3rd sing.		kutsuisi	ei kutsuisi	3rd sing.	olisi kutsunut	ei olisi kutsunut
1st plur.		kutsuisimme	emme kutsuisi	1st plur.	olisimme kutsuneet	emme olisi kutsuneet
2nd plur.		kutsuisitte	ette kutsuisi	2nd plur.	olisitte kutsuneet	ette olisi kutsuneet
3rd plur.		kutsuisivat	eivät kutsuisi	3rd plur.	olisivat kutsuneet	eivät olisi kutsuneet
passive		kutsuttaisiin	ei kutsuttaisi	passive	olisi kutsuttu	ei olisi kutsuttu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		kutsu	älä kutsu	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		kutsukoon	älköön kutsuko	3rd sing.	olkoon kutsunut	älköön olko kutsunut
1st plur.		kutsukaamme	älkäämme kutsuko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		kutsukaa	älkää kutsuko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		kutsukoot	älkööt kutsuko	3rd plur.	olkoot kutsuneet	älkööt olko kutsuneet
passive		kutsuttakoon	älköön kutsuttako	passive	olkoon kutsuttu	älköön olko kutsuttu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kutsunen	en kutsune	1st sing.	lienen kutsunut	en liene kutsunut
2nd sing.		kutsunet	et kutsune	2nd sing.	lienet kutsunut	et liene kutsunut
3rd sing.		kutsunee	ei kutsune	3rd sing.	lienee kutsunut	ei liene kutsunut
1st plur.		kutsunemme	emme kutsune	1st plur.	lienemme kutsuneet	emme liene kutsuneet
2nd plur.		kutsunette	ette kutsune	2nd plur.	lienette kutsuneet	ette liene kutsuneet
3rd plur.		kutsunevat	eivät kutsune	3rd plur.	lienevät kutsuneet	eivät liene kutsuneet
passive		kutsuttaneen	ei kutsuttane	passive	lienee kutsuttu	ei liene kutsuttu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		kutsua		present	kutsuva	kutsuttava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kutsuakseni kutsuaksemme 2nd kutsuaksesi kutsuaksenne 3rd kutsuakseen kutsuaksensa		past	kutsunut	kutsuttu
2nd	inessive2	kutsuessa	kutsuttaessa	agent4	kutsuma
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kutsuessani kutsuessamme 2nd kutsuessasi kutsuessanne 3rd kutsuessaan kutsuessansa		negative	kutsumaton
	instructive	kutsuen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	kutsumassa	—
	elative	kutsumasta	—
	illative	kutsumaan	—
	adessive	kutsumalla	—
	abessive	kutsumatta	—
	instructive	kutsuman	kutsuttaman
4th3	verbal noun	kutsuminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kutsumaisillani kutsumaisillamme 2nd kutsumaisillasi kutsumaisillanne 3rd kutsumaisillaan kutsumaisillansa

Derived terms

Derived terms

• kutsu
• kutsua koolle
• kutsumanimi
• kutsumaton

• kutsumus
• kutsunta
• kutsut
• kutsuttu

References

Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Anagrams

• kastuu, kautsu, kuusta