lozenge

WOTD – 11 February 2011

English

Wikipedia

Lozenges (1)

Etymology

From Old French losenge ‎(“rhombus”) (compare French losange), from *lose ‎(“flag-stone”), from Late Latin lausiae ‎(“pebbles in a stone-quarry”), from Gaulish *lawsyā, from Proto-Celtic *laws ‎(“stone”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁us ‎(“stone”). Cognate with Spanish losa ‎(“square tile”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈlɒzɪndʒ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈlɑzəndʒ/

Noun

lozenge ‎(plural lozenges)

1. (shapes) (heraldry) A quadrilateral with sides of equal length (rhombus), having two acute and two obtuse angles.
   • 1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society 2007, p. 167:

     Wherein the decussis is made within a longilaterall square, with opposite angles, acute and obtuse at the intersection; and so upon progression making a Rhombus or Lozenge figuration [...].

   • 2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society 2011, p. 14:

     The floor is constructed from marble lozenges and triangles of every imaginable hue: yellow and pink and all manner of mottled and blotched shades, framed in white.

2. A small tablet (originally diamond-shaped) or medicated sweet used to ease a sore throat.
   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 3, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”  He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis […] interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.

Synonyms

• (quadrilateral): diamond (informal), rhomb, rhombus (most common in mathematics)
• (medicated sweet): pastille, throat pastille, troche

Translations

rhombus

• Catalan: losange m, rombe (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 菱形 (zh) ‎(língxíng)

• Dutch: ruit (nl)
• Finnish: neljäkäs (fi), vinoneliö (fi)
• French: losange (fr) m, rhombus (fr) m
• German: Raute (de) f
• Hungarian: rombusz (hu)

• Irish: muileata m
• Italian: losanga (it) f, rombo (it)
• Japanese: 菱 (ja) ‎(hishi)
• Korean: 마름모 (ko) ‎(mareummo)
• Persian: لوزی (fa) ‎(lovzi)
• Polish: romb (pl) m
• Portuguese: losango (pt) m, rombo (pt) m
• Russian: ромб (ru) m ‎(romb)
• Spanish: losange (es), rombo (es)
• Swedish: ruta (sv) c

medicated sweet

• Catalan: pastilla (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 含片 (zh) ‎(hánpiàn)

• Dutch: keelpastille f, pastille (nl) f
• Finnish: kurkkupastilli
• French: pastille (fr) f
• German: Pastille (de) f
• Hungarian: pasztilla (hu)

• Irish: losainn f
• Italian: pastiglia (it)
• Japanese: 錠剤 ‎(じょうざい, jōzai), ロズンジ ‎(rozunji), トローチ ‎(torōchi) (troche)
• Persian: مکیدنی (fa) ‎(makidani)
• Portuguese: pastilha (pt) f
• Russian: пасти́лка (ru) f ‎(pastílka), (лека́рственный) ледене́ц (ru) m ‎(ledenéc), (соса́тельная) табле́тка (ru) f ‎(tablétka)
• Spanish: pastilla (es)

Verb

lozenge ‎(third-person singular simple present lozenges, present participle lozenging, simple past and past participle lozenged)

1. (transitive) To form into the shape of a lozenge.
2. (transitive) To mark or emblazon with a lozenge.