multus
Appearance
Esperanto
[edit]Verb
[edit]multus
- conditional of multi
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *moltos, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tós (“crumbled, crumpled”, past passive participle), from *mel-. Cognate with melior, Ancient Greek μάλα (mála), and Latvian milns (“very many”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈmul.tus/, [ˈmʊɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈmul.tus/, [ˈmul̪t̪us]
Adjective
[edit]multus (feminine multa, neuter multum, comparative plūs, superlative plūrimus, adverb multō); first/second-declension adjective
- (in the singular) much
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.3-4:
- Multa virī virtūs animō multusque recursat / gentis honōs [...].
- The hero’s [great] valor and [high] noble birth returns to [Dido’s] thought again and again.
(An example of polyptoton: Here, multa . . . multusque can be understood both adjectivally and predicatively, and can modify viri virtus and gentis honos as well as recursat. In the Aeneid, cf.: 1.3-5: multum … multa; and 1.750: multa … multa.)
- The hero’s [great] valor and [high] noble birth returns to [Dido’s] thought again and again.
- Multa virī virtūs animō multusque recursat / gentis honōs [...].
- (in the plural) many
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | multus | multa | multum | multī | multae | multa | |
genitive | multī | multae | multī | multōrum | multārum | multōrum | |
dative | multō | multae | multō | multīs | |||
accusative | multum | multam | multum | multōs | multās | multa | |
ablative | multō | multā | multō | multīs | |||
vocative | multe | multa | multum | multī | multae | multa |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Aragonese: muito
- Asturian: munchu
- Aromanian: multu
- Catalan: molt
- Dalmatian: mult, muolt
- Emilian: móllt, môlt
- Extremaduran: munchu
- Friulian: molt
- Interlingua: multe, multo
- Italian: molto
- Leonese: mueitu
- Neapolitan: muto
- Old French: molt, mult, mout
- French: moult
- Megleno-Romanian: mult
- Old Galician-Portuguese: muito, mui
- Romagnol: molt
- Romanian: mult
- Old Spanish: mucho, muy
- Sicilian: mutu
- Venetan: móndo
- Walloon: molt
References
[edit]- “multus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “multus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- multus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- multus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) the day is already far advanced: multus dies or multa lux est
- a long conversation: multus sermo
- not to be prolix: ne longus, multus sim
- not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject: ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim
- (ambiguous) our generation has seen many victories: nostra aetas multas victorias vidit
- (ambiguous) to foresee the far distant future: futura or casus futuros (multo ante) prospicere
- (ambiguous) the day is already far advanced: multus dies or multa lux est
- (ambiguous) till late at night: ad multam noctem
- (ambiguous) late at night: multa de nocte
- (ambiguous) Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam
- (ambiguous) with many tears: multis cum lacrimis
- (ambiguous) I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut...
- (ambiguous) in many respects; in many points: multis rebus or locis
- (ambiguous) to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum valere ad aliquid
- (ambiguous) to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum afferre ad aliquid
- (ambiguous) to experience the ups and downs of life: multis casibus iactari
- (ambiguous) to be severely tried by misfortune: multis iniquitatibus exerceri
- (ambiguous) to considerably (in no way) further the common good: multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre
- (ambiguous) to be highly favoured by; to be influential with..: multum valere gratia apud aliquem
- (ambiguous) to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing: multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere
- (ambiguous) to value, esteem a person: multum alicui tribuere
- (ambiguous) to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight: multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem
- (ambiguous) to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight: alicuius auctoritas multum valet apud aliquem
- (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei
- (ambiguous) to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- (ambiguous) to be involved in many undertakings; to be much occupied, embarrassed, overwhelmed by business-claims: multis negotiis implicatum, districtum, distentum, obrutum esse
- (ambiguous) to possess great ability: intellegentia or mente multum valere
- (ambiguous) to have a good memory: memoriā (multum) valere (opp. memoriā vacillare)
- (ambiguous) varied, manifold experience: multarum rerum usus
- (ambiguous) he has had many painful experiences: multa acerba expertus est
- (ambiguous) to be well (slightly) acquainted with Greek literature: multum (mediocriter) in graecis litteris versari
- (ambiguous) to be well-informed, erudite: multa cognita, percepta habere, multa didicisse
- (ambiguous) to be well-informed, erudite: multarum rerum cognitione imbutum esse (opp. litterarum or eruditionis expertem esse or [rerum] rudem esse)
- (ambiguous) for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
- (ambiguous) to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil): multum esse cum aliquo (Fam. 16. 21)
- (ambiguous) to collect, accumulate instances: multa exempla in unum (locum) colligere
- (ambiguous) to have great weight as a speaker: multum dicendo valere, posse
- (ambiguous) to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multa verba facere
- (ambiguous) to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17)
- (ambiguous) he has made several mistakes: saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est
- (ambiguous) to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum)
- (ambiguous) we are united by many mutual obligations: multa et magna inter nos officia intercedunt (Fam. 13. 65)
- (ambiguous) to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
- (ambiguous) to prolong a conversation far into the night: sermonem producere in multam noctem (Rep. 6. 10. 10)
- (ambiguous) much money: pecunia magna, grandis (multum pecuniae)
- (ambiguous) one of the crowd; a mere individual: unus de or e multis
- (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think: multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere
- (ambiguous) to obtain many (few) votes in a century or tribe: multa (pauca) puncta in centuria (tribu) aliqua ferre
- (ambiguous) to impose a fine (used of the prosecutor or the tribunus plebis proposing a fine to be ratified by the people): multam irrogare alicui (Cic. Dom. 17. 45)
- (ambiguous) a large force, many troops: magnae copiae (not multae)
- (ambiguous) after many had been wounded on both sides: multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B. G. 1. 50)
- (ambiguous) the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
- (ambiguous) to have a powerful navy: rebus maritimis multum valere
- (ambiguous) in short; to be brief: ne multa, quid plura? sed quid opus est plura?
- (ambiguous) the day is already far advanced: multus dies or multa lux est
- multus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
Categories:
- Esperanto non-lemma forms
- Esperanto verb forms
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latin determiners
- Latin suppletive adjectives