nisu

See also: ñisu, nišū, and nísù

Asturian

Alternative forms

• ñisu

Noun

nisu f (plural nisos)

1. plum (fruit)

   Synonyms: cirigüeyu, ciruela

2. plum (tree of the genus Prunus)

   Synonyms: nisal, cirolal

Related terms

• nisa
• nisal

Further reading

• “nisu”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN
• Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “nisu”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu. Cognate to Finnish nisu and Livvi nižu.

Noun

nisu (genitive nisu, partitive nisu)

1. wheat

Declension

Declension of nisu (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		nisu	nisud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	nisu
genitive			nisude
partitive		nisu	nisusid
illative		nissu nisusse	nisudesse
inessive		nisus	nisudes
elative		nisust	nisudest
allative		nisule	nisudele
adessive		nisul	nisudel
ablative		nisult	nisudelt
translative		nisuks	nisudeks
terminative		nisuni	nisudeni
essive		nisuna	nisudena
abessive		nisuta	nisudeta
comitative		nisuga	nisudega

Derived terms

• nisujahu

Further reading

• “nisu”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “nisu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “nisu”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• nisu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu (compare Estonian nisu, Livonian ni’zzõz, Veps nižu, Votic nisu). Equivalent to nisä (“udder, breast”) +‎ -u; the sense may have originally been "snack", from which "wheat, something made of wheat", or may have evoked a comparison between the white milk secreted from a teat and the light-colored grain. Replaced in the standard language in the 19th century with vehnä, which was traditionally used in the eastern dialects.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnisu/, [ˈnis̠u]
• Rhymes: -isu
• Syllabification^(key): ni‧su
• Hyphenation^(key): ni‧su

Noun

nisu

1. (dialectal) synonym of vehnä (“wheat”) (Western Finnish, Kainuu)
2. (dialectal) something baked of wheat, particularly traditional cardamom sweet bread, such as pulla (Western Finnish, Central Finland, Kainuu, American)

   Synonyms: nisunen, vehnänen, vehnäleipä

Usage notes

Dialectal distribution of nisu (“wheat”)
Southern Southwest Finland (Eteläinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects] Halikko, Kaarina, Kiikala, Muurla, Paimio, Perniö, Pertteli, Sauvo, Suomusjärvi, Uskela Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects] Askainen, Eurajoki, Hinnerjoki, Honkilahti, Kalanti, Karjala, Kustavi, Laitila, Lappi, Lemu, Lokalahti, Luvia, Mietoinen, Mynämäki, Naantali, Nousiainen, Pyhämaa, Raisio, Rauma, Taivassalo, Turku, Vehmaa Southwest Finnish Highlands (Varsinais-Suomen ylämaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Aura, Karinainen, Koski Tl, Köyliö, Lieto, Maaria, Marttila, Paattinen, Pöytyä, Somerniemi, Somero, Säkylä, Tarvasjoki, Yläne Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Karjalohja, Lohja, Nummi, Pusula, Pyhäjärvi (Ul), Sammatti, Vihti Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Alastaro, Harjavalta, Huittinen, Kauvatsa, Kokemäki, Loimaa, Metsämaa, Punkalaidun, Vampula Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Ahlainen, Merikarvia, Nakkila, Pomarkku, Pori, Siikainen, Ulvila Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects] Honkajoki, Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Karvia, Kihniö, Kiikka, Kiikoinen, Lavia, Mouhijärvi, Suodenniemi, Tyrvää, Viljakkala Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] Akaa, Eräjärvi, Hattula, Hauho, Juupajoki, Kalvola, Kangasala, Koijärvi, Kuorevesi, Kuru, Lempäälä, Luopioinen, Längelmäki, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sääksmäki, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vanaja, Vesilahti, Vilppula, Virrat Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] Humppila, Janakkala, Jokioinen, Loppi, Nurmijärvi, Tammela, Ypäjä Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] Orimattila, Padasjoki Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects] Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Lapväärtti, Nurmo, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä, Ylistaro Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kestilä, Kärsämäki, Lohtaja, Merijärvi, Nivala, Perho, Pulkkila, Pyhäjoki, Reisjärvi, Saloinen, Sievi, Veteli, Ylivieska Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] Hailuoto, Ii, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Siikajoki, Temmes, Utajärvi, Vihanti, Ylikiiminki Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects] Kemi, Kittilä, Lyngen (Jyykeä/Yykeä), Nordreisa (Raisi), Rovaniemi, Tervola Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects] Karunki, Kolari, Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio Kainuu [Savonian dialects] Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vaala Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] Hankasalmi, Karstula, Kinnula, Pihtipudas, Saarijärvi Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Vimpeli, Ähtäri Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] Jyväskylä, Korpilahti, Kuhmoinen, Leivonmäki, Muurame, Petäjävesi, Toivakka Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects] Kiuruvesi, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Vieremä
The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities. Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing

Dialectal distribution of nisu (“something baked of wheat”)
Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects] Hinnerjoki, Mynämäki Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Lohja, Vihti Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Huittinen, Kokemäki Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects] Pomarkku, Ulvila Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects] Honkajoki, Karvia, Viljakkala Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] Hattula, Juupajoki, Kangasala, Kuorevesi, Lempäälä, Längelmäki, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sääksmäki, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vilppula, Virrat Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] Humppila, Hyvinkää, Nurmijärvi Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects] Lammi, Orimattila Kymenlaakso [Tavastian dialects] Iitti, Jaala Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects] Alahärmä, Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isojoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Jurva, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Lapväärtti, Nurmo, Peräseinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Halsua, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kestilä, Kälviä, Kärsämäki, Lestijärvi, Lohtaja, Merijärvi, Nivala, Perho, Piippola, Pulkkila, Pyhäjoki, Reisjärvi, Saloinen, Sievi, Toholampi, Ullava, Veteli, Ylivieska Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects] Hailuoto, Haukipudas, Ii, Kuivaniemi, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pattijoki, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Ranua, Revonlahti, Temmes, Tyrnävä, Utajärvi, Vihanti Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects] Inari, Kemi, Kemijärvi, Kittilä, Rovaniemi, Salla, Savukoski, Simo, Sodankylä, Tervola Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects] Alatornio, Karunki, Kolari, Muonio, Pajala, Pello, Tärendö (Täräntö), Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio Kainuu [Savonian dialects] Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vaala, Vuolijoki Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] Kannonkoski, Karstula, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Konginkangas, Konnevesi, Kyyjärvi, Laukaa, Multia, Pihtipudas, Pylkönmäki, Saarijärvi, Sumiainen, Äänekoski Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Vimpeli, Ähtäri Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects] Hartola, Jyväskylä, Korpilahti, Muurame, Petäjävesi, Sysmä, Toivakka Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects] Iisalmi, Juankoski, Kaavi, Keitele, Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Sonkajärvi, Vieremä Northern Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) [Savonian dialects] Eno, Nurmes, Ruskeala, Valtimo
The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities. Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing

Declension

Inflection of nisu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		nisu	nisut
genitive		nisun	nisujen
partitive		nisua	nisuja
illative		nisuun	nisuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		nisu	nisut
accusative	nom.	nisu	nisut
	gen.	nisun
genitive		nisun	nisujen
partitive		nisua	nisuja
inessive		nisussa	nisuissa
elative		nisusta	nisuista
illative		nisuun	nisuihin
adessive		nisulla	nisuilla
ablative		nisulta	nisuilta
allative		nisulle	nisuille
essive		nisuna	nisuina
translative		nisuksi	nisuiksi
abessive		nisutta	nisuitta
instructive		—	nisuin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of nisu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative nisuni nisuni accusative nom. nisuni nisuni gen. nisuni genitive nisuni nisujeni partitive nisuani nisujani inessive nisussani nisuissani elative nisustani nisuistani illative nisuuni nisuihini adessive nisullani nisuillani ablative nisultani nisuiltani allative nisulleni nisuilleni essive nisunani nisuinani translative nisukseni nisuikseni abessive nisuttani nisuittani instructive — — comitative — nisuineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative nisusi nisusi accusative nom. nisusi nisusi gen. nisusi genitive nisusi nisujesi partitive nisuasi nisujasi inessive nisussasi nisuissasi elative nisustasi nisuistasi illative nisuusi nisuihisi adessive nisullasi nisuillasi ablative nisultasi nisuiltasi allative nisullesi nisuillesi essive nisunasi nisuinasi translative nisuksesi nisuiksesi abessive nisuttasi nisuittasi instructive — — comitative — nisuinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative nisumme nisumme accusative nom. nisumme nisumme gen. nisumme genitive nisumme nisujemme partitive nisuamme nisujamme inessive nisussamme nisuissamme elative nisustamme nisuistamme illative nisuumme nisuihimme adessive nisullamme nisuillamme ablative nisultamme nisuiltamme allative nisullemme nisuillemme essive nisunamme nisuinamme translative nisuksemme nisuiksemme abessive nisuttamme nisuittamme instructive — — comitative — nisuinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative nisunne nisunne accusative nom. nisunne nisunne gen. nisunne genitive nisunne nisujenne partitive nisuanne nisujanne inessive nisussanne nisuissanne elative nisustanne nisuistanne illative nisuunne nisuihinne adessive nisullanne nisuillanne ablative nisultanne nisuiltanne allative nisullenne nisuillenne essive nisunanne nisuinanne translative nisuksenne nisuiksenne abessive nisuttanne nisuittanne instructive — — comitative — nisuinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative nisunsa nisunsa accusative nom. nisunsa nisunsa gen. nisunsa genitive nisunsa nisujensa partitive nisuaan nisuansa nisujaan nisujansa inessive nisussaan nisussansa nisuissaan nisuissansa elative nisustaan nisustansa nisuistaan nisuistansa illative nisuunsa nisuihinsa adessive nisullaan nisullansa nisuillaan nisuillansa ablative nisultaan nisultansa nisuiltaan nisuiltansa allative nisulleen nisullensa nisuilleen nisuillensa essive nisunaan nisunansa nisuinaan nisuinansa translative nisukseen nisuksensa nisuikseen nisuiksensa abessive nisuttaan nisuttansa nisuittaan nisuittansa instructive — — comitative — nisuineen nisuinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• kampanisu
• nisunjyvä
• nisupulla

Further reading

• “nisu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• suin

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu. Cognates include Finnish nisu and Estonian nisu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈnisu/, [ˈnis̠uˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈnisu/, [ˈniʒ̥uˑ]
• Rhymes: -isu
• Hyphenation: ni‧su

Noun

nisu

1. (obsolete) synonym of vehnä

Declension

Declension of nisu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	nisu	nisut
genitive	nisun	nissuin, nisuloin
partitive	nissua	nisuja, nisuloja
illative	nissuu	nissui, nisuloihe
inessive	nisus	nisuis, nisulois
elative	nisust	nisuist, nisuloist
allative	nisulle	nisuille, nisuloille
adessive	nisul	nisuil, nisuloil
ablative	nisult	nisuilt, nisuloilt
translative	nisuks	nisuiks, nisuloiks
essive	nisunna, nissuun	nisuinna, nisuloinna, nissuin, nisuloin
exessive1)	nisunt	nisuint, nisuloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Fedor Tumansky (1790), “нису”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 693

Japanese

Romanization

nisu

1. Rōmaji transcription of ニス

Latin

Noun

nīsū

1. ablative singular of nīsus

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈnisuː/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *nisōn.

Noun

nisu

1. woman

Inflection

Odd, ss-s gradation
Nominative	nisu
Genitive	nissona
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nisu	nissonat
Accusative	nissona	nissoniid
Genitive	nissona	nissoniid
Illative	nissonii	nissoniidda
Locative	nissonis	nissoniin
Comitative	nissoniin	nissoniiguin
Essive	nisun
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person nissonan nissoneamẹ nissoneamẹt 2nd person nissonat nissoneattẹ nissoneattẹt 3rd person nissonis nissoneaskkạ nissoneasẹt

Derived terms

• nissonolmmoš

Further reading

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Finnish nisu.

Noun

nisu

1. (often in the plural) wheat

Inflection

Odd, ss-s gradation
Nominative	nisu
Genitive	nissona
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nisu	nissonat
Accusative	nissona	nissoniid
Genitive	nissona	nissoniid
Illative	nissonii	nissoniidda
Locative	nissonis	nissoniin
Comitative	nissoniin	nissoniiguin
Essive	nisun
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person nissonan nissoneamẹ nissoneamẹt 2nd person nissonat nissoneattẹ nissoneattẹt 3rd person nissonis nissoneaskkạ nissoneasẹt

Further reading

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• (Standard Montenegrin) nijèsu
• (regional, chiefly Serbia) nésu
• (historical, regional) nijésu

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne + *sǫtь, first-person plural present tense form of *byti. This formation was kept in Old Church Slavonic as не сѫтъ (ne sǫtŭ) (see бꙑти (byti)). However, in other South Slavic vernaculars, this form irregularly later created něsu (attested in 1334), probably influenced by něsam (see nisam). Because of the yat reflex, něsu became rendered as nisu in Ikavian speeches.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nǐːsu/
• Hyphenation: ni‧su

Verb

nísu (Cyrillic spelling ни́су)

1. (Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia) negative third-person plural present of biti

References

• “nisu”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jesam”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[5] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 606

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA^(key): /ˈnisu/, [ˈnʲisu]
• Rhymes: -isu
• Hyphenation: ni‧su

Noun

nisu

1. wheat

Inflection

Declension of nisu (type II/võrkko, s-z gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	nisu	nizud
genitive	nizu	nisujõ
partitive	nissua	nisuit
illative	nisusõ, nissu	nisuisõ
inessive	nizuz	nisuiz
elative	nizuss	nisuiss
allative	nizullõ	nisuillõ
adessive	nizull	nisuill
ablative	nizult	nisuilt
translative	nizussi	nisuissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. For dialectal differences between case endings, see Appendix:Votic dialects.

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “nisu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎^[6], 2nd edition, Tallinn