pilum

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pilum. Doublet of pile.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɪləm/
• Rhymes: -aɪləm

Noun

pilum (plural pila or pilums)

1. (historical) A Roman military javelin.
   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin 2000, page 21:

     Besides a lighter spear, the Roman legionary grasped in his right hand the formidable pilum, a ponderous javelin whose utmost length was about six feet and which was terminated by a massy triangular point of steel of about eighteen inches.

   • 2011, Ben Aaronovitch, Rivers of London, Gollancz 2011, page 371:

     Verica plucked a pilum from the hands of the nearest legionary – the soldier didn't react – and handed it to me.

2. (botany) The columella on the surface of a pollen grain.

Translations

Roman military javelin

• Bulgarian: пилум m (pilum)
• Russian: пилум (ru) m (pilum)
• Swedish: kastspjut (sv) n

References

• pilum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pi.lɔm/

• Audio (France (Agen)):

  (file)

Noun

pilum m (plural pilums)

1. pilum

Further reading

• “pilum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Latin

pīlum (throwing spear)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *peys-der.

Proto-Indo-European *pistlom

Proto-Italic *pistlom

Latin pīlum

Inherited from Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.lum]

Noun

pīlum n (genitive pīlī); second declension

1. a pounder, pestle
2. a heavy javelin, throwing spear, of the Roman soldier

   Hypernym: tēlum

   Meronyms: hastīle; cuspis, ferrum

   Near-synonym: iaculum

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	pīlum	pīla
genitive	pīlī	pīlōrum
dative	pīlō	pīlīs
accusative	pīlum	pīla
ablative	pīlō	pīlīs
vocative	pīlum	pīla

Derived terms

• pīlus

Related terms

• pīla
• pīnsō
• pistillum

Descendants

Inherited:

• Italian: pilo, pillo
• >? Romanian: pil

Borrowed:

• → Dutch: pijl
• → English: pile
• → French: pile
• → German: Pfeil
• → Italian: pilo
• → Portuguese: pilo
• → Spanish: pilo
• → Swedish: pil

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

pilum

1. accusative singular of pilus (“hair”)

Further reading

• “pilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "pilum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword: omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere
    
• “pilum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pilum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin