pilo

See also: piló, piło, and pilo-

Basque

Noun

pilo inan

1. (chiefly Biscayan) alternative form of pila (“bunch, lot”)

Declension

Declension of pilo (inan V-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	pilo	piloa	piloak	pilook
ergative	pilok	piloak	piloek	pilook
dative	pilori	piloari	piloei	pilooi
genitive	piloren	piloaren	piloen	piloon
comitative	pilorekin	piloarekin	piloekin	pilookin
causative	pilorengatik	piloarengatik	piloengatik	piloongatik
benefactive	pilorentzat	piloarentzat	piloentzat	piloontzat
instrumental	piloz	piloaz	piloez	pilootaz
inessive	pilotan	piloan	piloetan	pilootan
locative	pilotako	piloko	piloetako	pilootako
allative	pilotara	pilora	piloetara	pilootara
terminative	pilotaraino	piloraino	piloetaraino	pilootaraino
directive	pilotarantz	pilorantz	piloetarantz	pilootarantz
destinative	pilotarako	pilorako	piloetarako	pilootarako
ablative	pilotatik	pilotik	piloetatik	pilootatik
partitive	pilorik	—	—	—
prolative	pilotzat	—	—	—

Further reading

• “pilo”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “pilo”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɪlo]

Participle

pilo

1. neuter singular past active participle of pít

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pilus, French poil, Italian pelo, Spanish pelo. Also found in English words like depilate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpi.lo/

Noun

pilo (plural pili)

1. (of animals, also botany) hair, bristle
2. (of persons) hair (of all parts of body except top of head)
3. (of sheep, camels, etc.) wool
4. (of cloth, of hats) nap

Derived terms

• pilala (“relating to hair”)
• pilaro (“(of one object) coat”)
• pilobulbo (“hair bulb, hair root”)
• piloza (“hairy, shaggy, pilose”)
• rezapila (“short-haired”)
• senpiligar (“to depilate”)
• senpiligivo (“depilatory (substance)”)

See also

• haro

Latin

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pil-?

Latin pilus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin pilō

From pilus (“hair”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpɪ.ɫoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.lo]
• Hyphenation: pi‧lō

Verb

pilō (present infinitive pilāre, perfect active pilāvī, supine pilātum); first conjugation

1. (intransitive) to put forth hairs, grow hairy
2. (transitive) to deprive of hair, make bald, depilate

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pilō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pilō		pilās		pilat		pilāmus		pilātis		pilant
	imperfect	pilābam		pilābās		pilābat		pilābāmus		pilābātis		pilābant
	future	pilābō		pilābis		pilābit		pilābimus		pilābitis		pilābunt
	perfect	pilāvī		pilāvistī		pilāvit		pilāvimus		pilāvistis		pilāvērunt, pilāvēre
	pluperfect	pilāveram		pilāverās		pilāverat		pilāverāmus		pilāverātis		pilāverant
	future perfect	pilāverō		pilāveris		pilāverit		pilāverimus		pilāveritis		pilāverint
passive	present	pilor		pilāris, pilāre		pilātur		pilāmur		pilāminī		pilantur
	imperfect	pilābar		pilābāris, pilābāre		pilābātur		pilābāmur		pilābāminī		pilābantur
	future	pilābor		pilāberis, pilābere		pilābitur		pilābimur		pilābiminī		pilābuntur
	perfect	pilātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pilātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pilātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pilem		pilēs		pilet		pilēmus		pilētis		pilent
	imperfect	pilārem		pilārēs		pilāret		pilārēmus		pilārētis		pilārent
	perfect	pilāverim		pilāverīs		pilāverit		pilāverīmus		pilāverītis		pilāverint
	pluperfect	pilāvissem		pilāvissēs		pilāvisset		pilāvissēmus		pilāvissētis		pilāvissent
passive	present	piler		pilēris, pilēre		pilētur		pilēmur		pilēminī		pilentur
	imperfect	pilārer		pilārēris, pilārēre		pilārētur		pilārēmur		pilārēminī		pilārentur
	perfect	pilātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pilātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pilā		—		—		pilāte		—
	future	—		pilātō		pilātō		—		pilātōte		pilantō
passive	present	—		pilāre		—		—		pilāminī		—
	future	—		pilātor		pilātor		—		—		pilantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		pilāre			pilārī			pilāns			—
future		pilātūrum esse			pilātum īrī			pilātūrus			pilandus
perfect		pilāvisse			pilātum esse			—			pilātus
future perfect		—			pilātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pilātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pilandī		pilandō		pilandum		pilandō		pilātum		pilātū

Derived terms

• ālipilus
• dēpilō
• pilātrīx
• pilātus
• piliō

Related terms

• pilōsus
• pilus

Descendants

• Catalan: pelar
• English: pell, pill
• French: peler
• Friulian: pelâ
• Italian: pelare
• Occitan: pelar
• Portuguese: pelar
• Sicilian: pilari
• Spanish: pelar
• Venetan: pełar
• Vulgar Latin: *pilucāre (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *peilā

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Proto-Italic *peilāō

Latin pīlō

Inherited from Proto-Italic *peilāō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.ɫoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.lo]
• Hyphenation: pī‧lō

Verb

pīlō (present infinitive pīlāre, supine pīlātum); first conjugation, no perfect stem

2. to ram down, fix firmly
3. (Late Latin) to rob (attested from ca. 400 CE; cf. the similar sense of compīlō)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pīlō (first conjugation, no perfect stem)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pīlō		pīlās		pīlat		pīlāmus		pīlātis		pīlant
	imperfect	pīlābam		pīlābās		pīlābat		pīlābāmus		pīlābātis		pīlābant
	future	pīlābō		pīlābis		pīlābit		pīlābimus		pīlābitis		pīlābunt
passive	present	pīlor		pīlāris, pīlāre		pīlātur		pīlāmur		pīlāminī		pīlantur
	imperfect	pīlābar		pīlābāris, pīlābāre		pīlābātur		pīlābāmur		pīlābāminī		pīlābantur
	future	pīlābor		pīlāberis, pīlābere		pīlābitur		pīlābimur		pīlābiminī		pīlābuntur
	perfect	pīlātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pīlātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pīlātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pīlem		pīlēs		pīlet		pīlēmus		pīlētis		pīlent
	imperfect	pīlārem		pīlārēs		pīlāret		pīlārēmus		pīlārētis		pīlārent
passive	present	pīler		pīlēris, pīlēre		pīlētur		pīlēmur		pīlēminī		pīlentur
	imperfect	pīlārer		pīlārēris, pīlārēre		pīlārētur		pīlārēmur		pīlārēminī		pīlārentur
	perfect	pīlātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pīlātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pīlā		—		—		pīlāte		—
	future	—		pīlātō		pīlātō		—		pīlātōte		pīlantō
passive	present	—		pīlāre		—		—		pīlāminī		—
	future	—		pīlātor		pīlātor		—		—		pīlantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		pīlāre			pīlārī			pīlāns			—
future		pīlātūrum esse			pīlātum īrī			pīlātūrus			pīlandus
perfect		—			pīlātum esse			—			pīlātus
future perfect		—			pīlātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pīlātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pīlandī		pīlandō		pīlandum		pīlandō		pīlātum		pīlātū

Derived terms

• compīlō
• expīlō
• oppīlō
• pīlātus

Descendants

• French: piler
• Italian: pilare
• Occitan: pilar
• Portuguese: pilar
• Romanian: împila
• Sicilian:
• Spanish: pilar

From Vulgar Latin *piliāre:

• Italian: pigliare
• Portuguese: pilhar
• Sicilian: pigghiari
• Spanish: pillar

Etymology 3

See Medieval Latin pillō (“chaff”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.ɫoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.lo]
• Hyphenation: pī‧lō

Noun

pīlō f (genitive pīlōnis); third declension

1. alternative form of pillō

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	pīlō	pīlōnēs
genitive	pīlōnis	pīlōnum
dative	pīlōnī	pīlōnibus
accusative	pīlōnem	pīlōnēs
ablative	pīlōne	pīlōnibus
vocative	pīlō	pīlōnēs

References

• “pilo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "pilo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “pilo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Further reading

• “pilo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Neapolitan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin pilus.

Pronunciation

• (Naples) IPA^(key): [ˈpiːlə]
• (Castelmezzano) IPA^(key): [ˈpiːlə]

Noun

pilo m (plural pile)

1. hair (of the body)

References

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 92: “il pelo; i peli” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
• Giacco, Giuseppe (2003), “pilo”, in Schedario Napoletano

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.lu/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.lu/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *peys-der.

Proto-Indo-European *pistlom

Proto-Italic *pistlom

Latin pīlumbor.

Portuguese pilo

Borrowed from Latin pīlum (“pilum”).

Noun

pilo m (plural pilos)

1. pilum (Roman javelin)

Related terms

• lança, dardo

Etymology 2

Verb

pilo

1. first-person singular present indicative of pilar

Further reading

• “pilo”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “pilo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpilo/ [ˈpi.lo]
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Syllabification: pi‧lo

Etymology 1

Deverbal from pilar.

Noun

pilo m (plural pilos)

1. pilum (weapon)

Etymology 2

Verb

pilo

1. first-person singular present indicative of pilar

Further reading

• “pilo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from English pillow.

Pronunciation

• (Unguja standard) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.lɔ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ilɔ
• Hyphenation: pi‧lo

Noun

pilo class IX (plural pilo class X)

2. (rare) synonym of mto (“pillow”) (a soft cushion used to support the head in bed)
   • 2021 December 12, “Simulizi ya baba aliyesafiri ndani ya sanduku kutoka London mpaka Australia”, in BBC Swahili‎^[1], archived from the original on 12 December 2021:

     Ndani ya sanduku ni spears, akiandamana na chakula cha makopo , tochi , blanketi na pilo na pia chupa mbili za plastiki moja ya maji ya kunywa na nyingine ya kujisaidia haja ndogo, sanduku liliingizwa ndege ya shirika la ndege la India kwenda Perth magharibi mwa Australia.

     Inside the box were spears, along with canned food, a flashlight, blankets, and a pillow, as well as two plastic bottles—one for drinking water and the other for urinating; the box was loaded onto an Air India flight to Perth in Western Australia.

Tagalog

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-der.

Proto-Italic *fī(s)lom

Latin fīlum

Old Spanish filo

Spanish filobor.

Tagalog pilo

Borrowed from Spanish filo, from Old Spanish filo, from Latin fīlum, from Proto-Italic *fī(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-. Doublet of ilo and hilo.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpilo/ [ˈpiː.lo]
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Syllabification: pi‧lo

Noun

pilo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜎᜓ)

1. cutting edge

   Synonym: talim

Related terms

• de-ilo
• hilera
• ilo
• pila

Further reading

• “pilo”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpi.lo]

Verb

pilo

1. (stative) to be blind

Conjugation

Conjugation of pilo

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		topilo	fopilo	mipilo
2nd person		nopilo	nipilo
3rd person	masculine	opilo	ipilo yopilo (archaic)
	feminine	mopilo
	neuter	ipilo

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English pillow.

Noun

pilo

1. pillow
2. chock
3. supporter

Verb

pilo intrans.

1. to sleep around; to be promiscuous

Waray-Waray

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /piˈloʔ/, [piˈluʔ]
• Rhymes: -oʔ
• Hyphenation: pi‧lô

Noun

pilô

1. fold; pleat